This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Development and Evaluation of Research Methods, Instruments and Tools (756) Clinical Information and Decision Making (1935) Vaccination and Immunization in the Digital Age (444) Infectious Diseases (non-STD/STI) (1728) Early Results from COVID-19 Studies (364) Outbreak and Pandemic Preparedness and Management (1829) COVID-19 Vaccination (180) Health and Risk Communication (79) Statistical Methods for Surveillance and Population Health (190)

Published on in Vol 9 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/58981, first published .
Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study

Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study

Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study

Authors of this article:

Elizabeth AK Rowley1 Author Orcid Image ;   Patrick K Mitchell1 Author Orcid Image ;   Duck-Hye Yang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Ned Lewis2 Author Orcid Image ;   Brian E Dixon3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez5 Author Orcid Image ;   William F Fadel3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Inih J Essien5 Author Orcid Image ;   Allison L Naleway6 Author Orcid Image ;   Edward Stenehjem7 Author Orcid Image ;   Toan C Ong8 Author Orcid Image ;   Manjusha Gaglani9, 10 Author Orcid Image ;   Karthik Natarajan11, 12 Author Orcid Image ;   Peter Embi3, 13 Author Orcid Image ;   Ryan E Wiegand14 Author Orcid Image ;   Ruth Link-Gelles14 Author Orcid Image ;   Mark W Tenforde14 Author Orcid Image ;   Bruce Fireman2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (2) Tweetations Metrics

Journals

  1. Irving S, Rowley E, Chickery S, Dascomb K, Naleway A, Klein N, Grannis S, Ong T, DeSilva M, Natarajan K, Sheffield T, Bride D, Arndorfer J, Koppolu P, Zerbo O, Hansen J, Block L, Jacobson K, Dixon B, Rogerson C, Duszynski T, Barron M, Mayer D, Chavez C, Weber Z, Reese S, Essien I, Stockwell M, Stephens A, Ball S. Effectiveness of 2023–2024 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States. Pediatrics 2025;156(6) View
  2. Irving S, Rowley E, Chickery S, Natarajan K, Klein N, Grannis S, Ong T, Ball S, DeSilva M, Dascomb K, Naleway A, Stockwell M, Stephens A, Zerbo O, Hansen J, Block L, Jacobson K, Dixon B, Rogerson C, Duszynski T, Barron M, Mayer D, Chavez C, Weber Z, Reese S, Essien I, Sheffield T, Bride D, Arndorfer J, Van Otterloo J, Koppolu P, Mak J, Kautz A, DeCuir J, Wiegand R, Payne A, Link-Gelles R. Effectiveness of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States — VISION, August 29, 2024–September 2, 2025. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2025;74(40):607 View