JMIR Formative Research

Physical activity (PA) is central to healthy aging, yet interventions targeting older adults often report substantial attrition and variable adherence. Although digital and internet-based exercise programs broaden accessibility and flexibility, their ability to sustain engagement compared with traditional on-site formats remains unclear. Understanding how delivery mode influences attrition and adherence—and why participants persist or withdraw—is essential for designing inclusive and sustainable PA interventions.

Large language models (LLMs) could assist in streamlining health care instrument validation. This is particularly relevant as traditional instrument development is time-intensive and resource-intensive. Currently, there is a significant gap in specifically developed and validated trust instruments for pediatric emergency and surgical contexts. Such tools are key because trust is foundational to the patient family–physician relationship and is associated with improved care-seeking and treatment adherence.

Discharge summaries (DSs) are key clinical documents at the interface between inpatient and outpatient care. Their quality affects continuity of care, coordination, and patient safety, yet information transfer at discharge is often incomplete, delayed, or unclear. Standardized instruments for assessing DS quality remain scarce.

Burnout is increasingly conceptualized as comprising both stable, slowly changing features and more dynamic, fluctuating features, with emotional exhaustion widely regarded as one of burnout’s core components. Traditionally, burnout has been assessed using retrospective self-report questionnaires, such as the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), administered at sporadic intervals. In contrast, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables high-frequency assessment of daily experiences while reducing recall bias. However, it is not well understood how EMA-based measures fluctuate and develop longitudinally within individuals or how they relate to retrospective burnout measures.

Across Japan, there are “non-physician areas” where medical institutions are not present and health care access is difficult. Although these areas are defined as a single administrative category, they may vary according to regional demographic characteristics. Understanding this possible heterogeneity may be important for developing more context-sensitive strategies to improve health care accessibility.

Children of parents with mental health illness (COPMI) have the right to receive preventive interventions to avoid developing their own mental health and socioeconomic problems. However, access to interventions varies widely within health care and social services depending on their geographical location in Sweden. In this regard, mobile health (mHealth) interventions for COPMI provide a pathway for more equitable and sustainable preventive support.

Epilepsy affects multiple dimensions of health. Exercise may serve as a nonpharmacological strategy to improve health outcomes among adults with epilepsy; however, translating this potential into effective and scalable interventions remains challenging. Before advancing to efficacy trials, early-stage research is needed to establish whether exercise interventions are feasible, acceptable, and appropriate for this population.

Emergency-to–intensive care unit (ICU) admissions are high-stakes transitions in care, where delays or documentation errors can compromise patient safety and disrupt operational efficiency. Although digital order systems can support these workflows, traditional platforms often lack real-time traceability and structured input logic, leaving them vulnerable to duplicate submissions, lost orders, and misaligned ICU bed reservations.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder that affects a significant proportion of the global population but remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study analyzed discussions related to migraines in English and Arabic across Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Qatar.

Older outpatients with chronic diseases are susceptible to muscle weakness and functional disabilities. Recently, various wearable devices have been developed to generate health lifelogs in daily life; however, data from patients with chronic diseases remain scarce. Previous studies have shown that subjective sleep efficiency assessed by self-questionnaires is associated with grip strength, but whether objective sleep efficiency detected by wearable devices is associated with physical function and body composition remains unclear.

Type 2 diabetes is a widespread chronic condition in which blood glucose and body weight management constitute essential therapeutic targets. Emerging technologies have the potential to aid complex therapeutic pharmacotherapy choices that are optimally tailored to individual needs.

This exploratory case study primarily examined the feasibility of using consumer-grade wearable devices for longitudinal sleep tracking and observed descriptive visual trends between sleep patterns and balance performance. Two college students participated over 4 months. Participant 1 used an Apple Watch Series 5 and an OURA ring; participant 2 used a Fitbit Charge 5 and an OURA ring. Data were collected continuously alongside daily sleep diaries and monthly sensory organization test (SOT) balance assessments. As a primary feasibility outcome, missing data rates were initially high (up to 75.2%) but improved significantly after implementing structured weekly check-ins, dropping to 14.1% and 20.3% for the wrist devices, 9.4% and 25% for the OURA rings, and 0% and 6.25% for the sleep diaries in the optimized phase. Wearables showed varying concordance with sleep diaries for time in bed (TIB), with the Apple Watch showing the least bias (–0.6 min) and the Fitbit and OURA overestimating TIB. While devices showed excellent within-participant agreement for total sleep time (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97‐0.99), agreement was poor for specific sleep stages. Regarding secondary exploratory observations, descriptive visual trends showed that fluctuations in sleep timing and duration coincided with changes in SOT visual subscale scores. In conclusion, consumer wearables are feasible for long-term sleep monitoring when supported by active compliance protocols. While sleep consistency was visually patterned alongside postural stability, these balance findings are strictly exploratory, hypothesis-generating, and not generalizable due to the small sample size and potential practice effects from repeated testing.