Surgeons’ Perceptions on the Utility of a Conceptual Novel Force Sensor at the Surgeon-Tool Interface: Formative Interview Study

Bennet Mühlenbeck   ¹ , MSc ;   Jeremy Opie   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Carmen Salvadores Fernandez   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Shireen Jaufuraully   ^{2, 4} , MBChB, PhD ;   Dawn Parris   ^{2, 4} , MBChB ;   Adrien Desjardins   ⁵ , PhD ;   Anna L David   ^{2, 6} , MBChB, PhD ;   Dimitrios Siassakos   ^{2, 4} , MBBS, MSc, MDRes ;   Manish K Tiwari   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Ann Blandford   ^{1, 2} , CEng, PhD

¹ UCL Interaction Centre (UCLIC), University College London, London, United Kingdom

² UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

³ Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁴ Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁵ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

⁶ National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom