Characteristic Facial Expressions During Visual Fixation in Japanese Older Adults With Lower Cognitive Screening Performance: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

Mirano Miyayama   ^{1, 2} , MA ;   Takuya Sekiguchi   ² , PhD ;   Hikaru Sugimoto   ^{2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Toshikazu Kawagoe   ^{2, 6} , PhD ;   Kornkanok Tripanpitak   ² , PhD ;   Alexandra Wolf   ^{2, 7} , PhD ;   Kazumi Kumagai   ² , PhD ;   Kosuke Fukumori   ² , PhD ;   Kumi Watanabe Miura   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Shogo Okada   ⁸ , PhD ;   Keiichiro Ishimaru   ⁹ , PhD ;   Mihoko Otake-Matsuura   ² , PhD

¹ Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan

² RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan

³ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

⁴ Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

⁵ Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

⁶ School of Humanities and Science, Kumamoto Campus, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan

⁷ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

⁸ Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan

⁹ Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan