Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Structured Extraction of Infectious Disease–Related Information From Clinical Notes in Japanese Primary Care: Development and Internal Validation Study

Hiroshi Yoshihara   ¹ , MSc ;   Haruka Maeda   ² , MD, MPH, PhD ;   Yuriko Hagiwara   ¹ , PhD ;   Daichi Sato   ³ , PhD ;   Kei Kitajima   ³ , MEng ;   Akihiro Iwata   ³ , MIA ;   Nicolas Van de Velde   ⁴ , PhD ;   Yuta Nakamura   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Yosuke Yamagishi   ⁶ , MSc, MD ;   Ataru Igarashi   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Health Policy and Public Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

² Department of Respiratory Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

³ M3 Inc., Tokyo, Japan

⁴ Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States

⁵ Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

⁶ Division of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan