Published on in Vol 9 (2025)

1 National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
2 Urban Studies Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
5 Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
7 College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences (CMNS), Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Institute (AIM), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
*these authors contributed equally
