Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Wrong-Site Surgeries Using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Dataset: Development and Validation Study

Yuan-Hsin Chen   ^{1 *} , MPH, MD ;   Ching-Hsuan Lin   ^{2 *} , MPH, MD ;   Chiao-Hsin Fan   ³ , MS ;   An Jim Long   ³ , PhD ;   Jeremiah Scholl   ³ , PhD ;   Yen-Pin Kao   ⁴ , MD ;   Usman Iqbal   ⁵ , MBA, PharmD, PhD ;   Yu-Chuan Jack Li   ^{4, 6, 7, 8} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

² Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States

³ AESOP Technology Inc, Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

⁵ School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

⁶ International Center for Health Information and Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁷ Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

⁸ Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally