Published on in Vol 9 (2025)
1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
2 Department of Medicine, The Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
3 Department of Medical, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
4 The Department of Orthopaedics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
5 Duke Spine Center, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States
6 Department of Spine Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
7 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, San Diego, CA, United States
*these authors contributed equally