Neurological Evidence of Diverse Self-Help Breathing Training With Virtual Reality and Biofeedback Assistance: Extensive Exploration Study of Electroencephalography Markers

Hei-Yin Hydra Ng   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Changwei W Wu   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Hao-Che Hsu   ^{1, 5} , PhD ;   Chih-Mao Huang   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Ai-Ling Hsu   ⁸ , PhD ;   Yi-Ping Chao   ^{9, 10} , PhD ;   Tzyy-Ping Jung   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Chun-Hsiang Chuang   ¹ , PhD

¹ Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

² Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

³ Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

⁵ Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

⁶ Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

⁷ Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

⁸ College of Intelligent Computing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

⁹ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

¹⁰ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan

¹¹ Institute for Neural Computation and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States