Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Community Environments Through Modeling Subtle Inconsistencies in Questionnaire Responses: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation

Hongxin Gao   ¹ , MSc ;   Stefan Schneider   ^{2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Raymond Hernandez   ^{2, 5} , PhD ;   Jenny Harris   ¹ , PhD ;   Danny Maupin   ¹ , PhD ;   Doerte U Junghaenel   ^{2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Arie Kapteyn   ⁵ , PhD ;   Arthur Stone   ^{2, 3, 5} , PhD ;   Elizabeth Zelinski   ⁴ , PhD ;   Erik Meijer   ⁵ , PhD ;   Pey-Jiuan Lee   ^{2, 5} , MS ;   Bart Orriens   ⁵ , PhD ;   Haomiao Jin   ¹ , PhD

¹ School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

² Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

³ Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁴ Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

⁵ Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States