Association Between Wrist-Worn Device-Estimated Sleep Efficiency and Hand Grip Strength in Older Outpatients With Cardiometabolic Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study

Yoshiaki Tamura   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Rui Gong   ³ , PhD ;   Yuji Murao   ² , MA ;   Fumino Kobayashi   ² , MA ;   Satomi Kobayashi   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Remi Kodera   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Kazuhito Oba   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Maki Shirobe   ⁵ , PhD ;   Kenji Toyoshima   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Kanae Kubo   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Yuko Chiba   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Hisashi Kawai   ³ , PhD ;   Joji Ishikawa   ^{2, 6} , MD, PhD ;   Hiroyuki Sasai   ⁵ , PhD ;   Yoshinori Fujiwara   ^{2, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Shunei Kyo   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Kenji Toba   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Masahiro Akishita   ⁷ , MD, PhD ;   Shuichi Obuchi   ³ , PT, PhD ;   Atsushi Araki   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

² Center for Comprehensive Care and Research for Prefrailty, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

³ Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁴ Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁵ Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁶ Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

⁷ Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan