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Published on in Vol 10 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/91608, first published .
Nurse administering a vaccine to a smiling patient.

Characterizing Social Determinants of Health in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Liver Disease: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Characterizing Social Determinants of Health in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Liver Disease: Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Parnnate Wongsirisakul   1 , BA ;   Vincent Lingzhi Chen   1 , MD ;   Jonathan Troost   2 , PhD ;   Ponni Perumalswami   1 , MS, MD

1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

2 Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Ponni Perumalswami, MS, MD
  • Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan
  • 1500 E Medical Center Dr.
  • Ann Arbor, MI
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 734-647-9252
  • Email: pperumal@med.umich.edu