Published on in Vol 10 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/63198, first published .
Automated Annotation of Pain Chronicity in Patients With Back Pain by Using Electronic Health Records: Retrospective Study

Automated Annotation of Pain Chronicity in Patients With Back Pain by Using Electronic Health Records: Retrospective Study

Automated Annotation of Pain Chronicity in Patients With Back Pain by Using Electronic Health Records: Retrospective Study

Simran Ajay Kanal   1 , MS ;   Jeannie Bailey   2 , PhD ;   Jeffrey Lotz   2 , PhD ;   Aaron Scheffler   1 , MS, PhD ;   Thomas Peterson   2, 3 , PhD

1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

3 Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Thomas Peterson, PhD
  • Department of Orthopedic Surgery
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • 1500 Owens St
  • San Francisco, CA
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 415-514-0528
  • Email: thomas.peterson@ucsf.edu