Published on in Vol 9 (2025)

1 School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
2 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
3 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
4 Expecting Justice, San Francisco, CA, United States
5 Sexual Health and Reproductive Equity Program, School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
6 Department of Human Ecology, Univeristy of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
7 California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States