Real-World Gait Detection Using a Wrist-Worn Inertial Sensor: Validation Study

Felix Kluge   ¹ , PhD ;   Yonatan E Brand   ² , MSc ;   M Encarna Micó-Amigo   ³ , PhD ;   Stefano Bertuletti   ⁴ , PhD ;   Ilaria D'Ascanio   ⁵ , MSc ;   Eran Gazit   ⁶ , MSc ;   Tecla Bonci   ⁷ , PhD ;   Cameron Kirk   ³ , PhD ;   Arne Küderle   ⁸ , MSc ;   Luca Palmerini   ^{5, 9} , PhD ;   Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Francesca Salis   ⁴ , PhD ;   Abolfazl Soltani   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Martin Ullrich   ⁸ , PhD ;   Lisa Alcock   ^{3, 11} , PhD ;   Kamiar Aminian   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Clemens Becker   ^{12, 13} , MD ;   Philip Brown   ¹⁴ , MSc ;   Joren Buekers   ^{15, 16, 17} , PhD ;   Anne-Elie Carsin   ^{15, 16, 17} , MSc ;   Marco Caruso   ⁴ , PhD ;   Brian Caulfield   ^{18, 19} , PhD ;   Andrea Cereatti   ⁴ , PhD ;   Lorenzo Chiari   ^{5, 9} , PhD ;   Carlos Echevarria   ^{3, 20} , PhD ;   Bjoern Eskofier   ⁸ , PhD ;   Jordi Evers   ²¹ , MSc ;   Judith Garcia-Aymerich   ^{15, 16, 17} , PhD ;   Tilo Hache   ¹ , Dipl-Ing (FH), MBA ;   Clint Hansen   ²² , PhD ;   Jeffrey M Hausdorff   ^{6, 23, 24, 25, 26} , PhD ;   Hugo Hiden   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Emily Hume   ²⁷ , PhD ;   Alison Keogh   ^{18, 19} , PhD ;   Sarah Koch   ^{15, 16, 17} , PhD ;   Walter Maetzler   ²² , MD ;   Dimitrios Megaritis   ²⁷ , PhD ;   Martijn Niessen   ²¹ , PhD ;   Or Perlman   ^{2, 23} , PhD ;   Lars Schwickert   ¹² , PhD ;   Kirsty Scott   ⁷ , PhD ;   Basil Sharrack   ^{28, 29} , PhD ;   David Singleton   ^{18, 19} , MSc ;   Beatrix Vereijken   ³⁰ , PhD ;   Ioannis Vogiatzis   ²⁷ , PhD ;   Alison Yarnall   ^{3, 11, 14} , PhD ;   Lynn Rochester   ^{3, 11, 14} , PhD ;   Claudia Mazzà   ⁷ , PhD ;   Silvia Del Din   ^{3, 11} , PhD ;   Arne Mueller   ¹ , PhD

¹ Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland

² Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

³ Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

⁴ Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

⁵ Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

⁶ Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

⁸ Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

⁹ Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

¹⁰ Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

¹¹ National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University and The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

¹² Robert Bosch Gesellschaft für Medizinische Forschung, Stuttgart, Germany

¹³ Unit Digitale Geriatrie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

¹⁴ The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

¹⁵ Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain

¹⁶ Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

¹⁷ CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

¹⁸ Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

¹⁹ School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

²⁰ Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

²¹ McRoberts BV, The Hague, Netherlands

²² Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

²³ Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

²⁴ Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

²⁵ Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States

²⁶ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States

²⁷ Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

²⁸ Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

²⁹ Sheffield NIHR Translational Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom

³⁰ Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway