Development of Therapeutic Alliance and Social Presence in a Digital Intervention for Pediatric Concussion: Qualitative Exploratory Study

Kiarah M K O'Kane   ¹ , BA ;   Thalia Otamendi   ² , PhD ;   Noah D Silverberg   ¹ , PhD ;   Esther Choi   ¹ , BA ;   Veronik Sicard   ³ , PhD ;   Roger Zemek   ^{3, 4} , MD ;   Katherine Healey   ³ , MSc ;   Olivier Brown   ^{3, 5} , BA ;   Lauren Butterfield   ^{3, 6} , BSc ;   Andra Smith   ⁵ , PhD ;   Gary Goldfield   ³ , PhD ;   Rachel Kardish   ³ , MSc ;   Bechara J Saab   ⁷ , PhD ;   Andrée-Anne Ledoux   ^{3, 5, 6, 8 *} , PhD ;   Molly Cairncross   ^{9 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

² Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

³ Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁴ Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁵ School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁶ Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁷ Mobio Interactive, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

⁹ Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

*these authors contributed equally