Understanding Adoption and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Mobile App for Chronic Pain Management Among US Military Veterans: Pre-Post Mixed Methods Evaluation

Timothy P Hogan   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Bella Etingen   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Nicholas McMahon   ^{1, 2} , MPH ;   Felicia R Bixler   ^{1, 4} , MS ;   Linda Am   ^{1, 2} , MPH ;   Rachel E Wacks   ^{1, 2} , MA, MPH ;   Stephanie L Shimada   ^{1, 2, 5, 6} , PhD ;   Erin D Reilly   ^{7, 8} , PhD ;   Kathleen L Frisbee   ^{1, 9} , MPH, PhD ;   Bridget M Smith   ^{1, 4, 10} , PhD

¹ eHealth Partnered Evaluation Initiative, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States

² Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States

³ Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States

⁴ Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States

⁵ Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States

⁶ Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁷ Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States

⁸ Social and Community Reintegration Research (SoCRR), Veterans Affairs Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States

⁹ Office of Connected Care, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, United States

¹⁰ Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States