This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions (3226) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (740) Depression and Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention (1685) Artificial Intelligence (2118) Anxiety and Stress Disorders (1324) mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention (3310) Digital Mental Health Interventions, e-Mental Health and Cyberpsychology (2109) Web-based and Mobile Health Interventions (4012)

Published on in Vol 5, No 8 (2021): August

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/20678, first published .
Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbot for Anxiety and Depression in University Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbot for Anxiety and Depression in University Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbot for Anxiety and Depression in University Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors of this article:

Maria Carolina Klos1 Author Orcid Image ;   Milagros Escoredo2 Author Orcid Image ;   Angela Joerin2 Author Orcid Image ;   Viviana Noemí Lemos1 Author Orcid Image ;   Michiel Rauws2 Author Orcid Image ;   Eduardo L Bunge3 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (117) Tweetations (9) Metrics

Journals

  1. Wilson L, Marasoiu M. The Development and Use of Chatbots in Public Health: Scoping Review. JMIR Human Factors 2022;9(4):e35882 View
  2. Entenberg G, Areas M, Roussos A, Maglio A, Thrall J, Escoredo M, Bunge E. Using an Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot to Provide Parent Training: Results from a Feasibility Study. Social Sciences 2021;10(11):426 View
  3. He Y, Yang L, Zhu X, Wu B, Zhang S, Qian C, Tian T. Mental Health Chatbot for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Blind, Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(11):e40719 View
  4. Salas-Pilco S, Yang Y. Artificial intelligence applications in Latin American higher education: a systematic review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 2022;19(1) View
  5. Okonkwo C, Amusa L, Twinomurinzi H. COVID-Bot, an Intelligent System for COVID-19 Vaccination Screening: Design and Development. JMIR Formative Research 2022;6(10):e39157 View
  6. Boucher E, Harake N, Ward H, Stoeckl S, Vargas J, Minkel J, Parks A, Zilca R. Artificially intelligent chatbots in digital mental health interventions: a review. Expert Review of Medical Devices 2021;18(sup1):37 View
  7. Lu Y, Qu Z. [Retracted] The Influence of Public Mental Health Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology on the Teaching Effect of Business Administration Major. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022;2022(1) View
  8. Entenberg G, Dosovitsky G, Aghakhani S, Mostovoy K, Carre N, Marshall Z, Benfica D, Mizrahi S, Testerman A, Rousseau A, Lin G, Bunge E. User experience with a parenting chatbot micro intervention. Frontiers in Digital Health 2023;4 View
  9. Boggiss A, Consedine N, Hopkins S, Silvester C, Jefferies C, Hofman P, Serlachius A. Improving the Well-being of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study Exploring Acceptability and Clinical Usability of a Self-compassion Chatbot. JMIR Diabetes 2023;8:e40641 View
  10. Dosovitsky G, Bunge E. Development of a chatbot for depression: adolescent perceptions and recommendations. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2023;28(1):124 View
  11. Marciano L, Saboor S. Reinventing mental health care in youth through mobile approaches: Current status and future steps. Frontiers in Psychology 2023;14 View
  12. He Y, Yang L, Qian C, Li T, Su Z, Zhang Q, Hou X. Conversational Agent Interventions for Mental Health Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e43862 View
  13. Li Y, Liang S, Zhu B, Liu X, Li J, Chen D, Qin J, Bressington D. Feasibility and effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven conversational agents in healthcare interventions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2023;143:104494 View
  14. Wu R, Yu Z. Do AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta‐analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology 2024;55(1):10 View
  15. Hsu M. The Construction of Critical Factors for Successfully Introducing Chatbots into Mental Health Services in the Army: Using a Hybrid MCDM Approach. Sustainability 2023;15(10):7905 View
  16. Wrightson-Hester A, Anderson G, Dunstan J, McEvoy P, Sutton C, Myers B, Egan S, Tai S, Johnston-Hollitt M, Chen W, Gedeon T, Mansell W. An Artificial Therapist (Manage Your Life Online) to Support the Mental Health of Youth: Co-Design and Case Series. JMIR Human Factors 2023;10:e46849 View
  17. Balcombe L. AI Chatbots in Digital Mental Health. Informatics 2023;10(4):82 View
  18. Wutz M, Hermes M, Winter V, Köberlein-Neu J. Factors Influencing the Acceptability, Acceptance, and Adoption of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Integrative Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e46548 View
  19. Dempere J, Modugu K, Hesham A, Ramasamy L. The impact of ChatGPT on higher education. Frontiers in Education 2023;8 View
  20. Brinsley J, Singh B, Maher C. A Digital Lifestyle Program for Psychological Distress, Wellbeing and Return-to-Work: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2023;104(11):1903 View
  21. Amugongo L, Kriebitz A, Boch A, Lütge C. Operationalising AI ethics through the agile software development lifecycle: a case study of AI-enabled mobile health applications. AI and Ethics 2025;5(1):227 View
  22. Rajkishan S, Meitei A, Singh A. Role of AI/ML in the study of mental health problems of the students: a bibliometric study. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 2024;15(5):1615 View
  23. Escobar-Viera C, Porta G, Coulter R, Martina J, Goldbach J, Rollman B. A chatbot-delivered intervention for optimizing social media use and reducing perceived isolation among rural-living LGBTQ+ youth: Development, acceptability, usability, satisfaction, and utility. Internet Interventions 2023;34:100668 View
  24. Jabir A, Lin X, Martinengo L, Sharp G, Theng Y, Tudor Car L. Attrition in Conversational Agent–Delivered Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e48168 View
  25. Ding H, Simmich J, Vaezipour A, Andrews N, Russell T. Evaluation framework for conversational agents with artificial intelligence in health interventions: a systematic scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(3):746 View
  26. Aghakhani S, Carre N, Mostovoy K, Shafer R, Baeza-Hernandez K, Entenberg G, Testerman A, Bunge E. Qualitative analysis of mental health conversational agents messages about autism spectrum disorder: a call for action. Frontiers in Digital Health 2023;5 View
  27. Li H, Zhang R, Lee Y, Kraut R, Mohr D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being. npj Digital Medicine 2023;6(1) View
  28. Ma Y, Achiche S, Pomey M, Paquette J, Adjtoutah N, Vicente S, Engler K, Laymouna M, Lessard D, Lemire B, Asselah J, Therrien R, Osmanlliu E, Zawati M, Joly Y, Lebouché B. Adapting and Evaluating an AI-Based Chatbot Through Patient and Stakeholder Engagement to Provide Information for Different Health Conditions: Master Protocol for an Adaptive Platform Trial (the MARVIN Chatbots Study). JMIR Research Protocols 2024;13:e54668 View
  29. Maples B, Cerit M, Vishwanath A, Pea R. Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots. npj Mental Health Research 2024;3(1) View
  30. Wimbarti S, Kairupan B, Tallei T. Critical review of self‐diagnosis of mental health conditions using artificial intelligence. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 2024;33(2):344 View
  31. Aleynikova D, Yarotskaya L. AI implications for vocational foreign language teaching and learning: new meaning. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 2024;29(1):46 View
  32. Kim H. The Effects of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots on Women’s Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare 2024;12(5):534 View
  33. Martindale A, Llewellyn C, de Visser R, Ng B, Ngai V, Kale A, di Ruffano L, Golub R, Collins G, Moher D, McCradden M, Oakden-Rayner L, Rivera S, Calvert M, Kelly C, Lee C, Yau C, Chan A, Keane P, Beam A, Denniston A, Liu X. Concordance of randomised controlled trials for artificial intelligence interventions with the CONSORT-AI reporting guidelines. Nature Communications 2024;15(1) View
  34. Herbener A, Klincewicz M, Damholdt M. A narrative review of the active ingredients in psychotherapy delivered by conversational agents. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2024;14:100401 View
  35. MacNeill A, MacNeill L, Yi S, Goudreau A, Luke A, Doucet S. Depiction of conversational agents as health professionals: a scoping review. JBI Evidence Synthesis 2024;22(5):831 View
  36. Zhong W, Luo J, Zhang H. The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2024;356:459 View
  37. Gutierrez G, Stephenson C, Eadie J, Asadpour K, Alavi N. Examining the role of AI technology in online mental healthcare: opportunities, challenges, and implications, a mixed-methods review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024;15 View
  38. Dinesh D, Rao M, Sinha C. Language adaptations of mental health interventions: User interaction comparisons with an AI-enabled conversational agent (Wysa) in English and Spanish. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  39. Gallegos C, Kausler R, Alderden J, Davis M, Wang L. Can Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Improve Mental Health?. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 2024;42(10):731 View
  40. Limpanopparat S, Gibson E, Harris D. User engagement, attitudes, and the effectiveness of chatbots as a mental health intervention: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2024;2(2):100081 View
  41. Villarreal-Zegarra D, Reategui-Rivera C, García-Serna J, Quispe-Callo G, Lázaro-Cruz G, Centeno-Terrazas G, Galvez-Arevalo R, Escobar-Agreda S, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Finkelstein J. Self-Administered Interventions Based on Natural Language Processing Models for Reducing Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e59560 View
  42. Maslow G, Chung R, Heilbron N, Walter B. Innovative Approaches to Addressing Pediatric Mental Health. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2024;71(6):1151 View
  43. Ma Y, Achiche S, Tu G, Vicente S, Lessard D, Engler K, Lemire B, Laymouna M, de Pokomandy A, Cox J, Lebouché B. The first AI‐based Chatbot to promote HIV self‐management: A mixed methods usability study. HIV Medicine 2025;26(2):184 View
  44. Das K, Gavade P. A review on the efficacy of artificial intelligence for managing anxiety disorders. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  45. Chiu Y, Lee Y, Lin H, Cheng L. Exploring the Role of Mobile Apps for Insomnia in Depression: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e51110 View
  46. Aghakhani S, Rousseau A, Mizrahi S, Tan X, Dosovitsky G, Mlodzianowski L, Marshall Z, Bunge E. Conversational Agent Utilization Patterns of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2024 View
  47. Mennens K, Becker M, Briker R, Mahr D, Steins M. I Care That You Don’t Share: Confidentiality in Student-Robot Interactions. Journal of Service Research 2025;28(1):57 View
  48. Denecke K, Gabarron E. The ethical aspects of integrating sentiment and emotion analysis in chatbots for depression intervention. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024;15 View
  49. Hasırcı I, Örücü E. Öz Yeterlilik Algısı ve Örgütsel Hazırlığın Yapay Zeka Kaygısı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Bir Araştırma. Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2024;8(2):732 View
  50. Desage C, Bunge B, Bunge E. A Revised Framework for Evaluating the Quality of Mental Health Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots. Procedia Computer Science 2024;248:3 View
  51. Pensier J, Benoist F, Deffontis L, Boulet N, Al Taweel B, Costa D, Deruelle P, Capdevielle D, De Jong A, Morin D, Chanques G. Motivation and socialization during summer predict medical students’ success: An artificial intelligence study. Medical Teacher 2025;47(8):1326 View
  52. Hoyos-Leyva J, Daza-Orozco C, Norman-Acevedo E. De preguntas a soluciones: Innovación y sostenibilidad. Libros IC 2024:1 View
  53. Castañeda R, Martínez-Gómez-Aldaraví A, Mercadé L, Gómez V, Mengual T, Díaz-Fernández F, Sinusia Lozano M, Navarro Arenas J, Barreda Á, Gómez M, Pinilla-Cienfuegos E, Ortiz de Zárate D. Use of ChatGPT as a Virtual Mentor on K-12 Students Learning Science in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Knowledge 2024;4(4):582 View
  54. Díaz-Guerra D. El potencial de la inteligencia artificial en la mejora del aprendizaje y bienestar estudiantil: prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras desde una neurociencia educativa. PsiqueMag 2024;13(2):147 View
  55. Li Y, Chung T, Lu W, Li M, Ho Y, He M, Mei X, Chen D, Bressington D. Chatbot-Based Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for University Students With Depressive Symptoms: Intervention Development and Pilot Evaluation. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 2025;31(4):398 View
  56. Park J, Singh V, Wisniewski P. Current Landscape and Future Directions for Mental Health Conversational Agents for Youth: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2025;13:e62758 View
  57. Yang Q, Cheung K, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Qin J, Xie Y. Conversational agents in physical and psychological symptom management: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2025;163:104991 View
  58. Tlili A, Saqer K, Salha S, Huang R. Investigating the effect of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) on learning achievement: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Information Development 2025;41(3):825 View
  59. Lau Y, Ang W, Ang W, Pang P, Wong S, Chan K, Lamela D. Artificial Intelligence–Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention on Psychological Outcomes: A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression. Depression and Anxiety 2025;2025(1) View
  60. Fullam E. How does a mental health chatbot work? A ‘conversation design’ concept of mental health intervention. History of the Human Sciences 2025;38(2):75 View
  61. Boadu D, Boafo F, Owusu-Ansah L, Mensah S. AI and VR-Powered Interventions for Social Anxiety. International Journal of Virtual and Augmented Reality 2025;7(1):1 View
  62. Cruz-Gonzalez P, He A, Lam E, Ng I, Li M, Hou R, Chan J, Sahni Y, Vinas Guasch N, Miller T, Lau B, Sánchez Vidaña D. Artificial intelligence in mental health care: a systematic review of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention applications. Psychological Medicine 2025;55 View
  63. Zhu Y, Liu Q, Zhao L. Exploring the impact of generative artificial intelligence on students’ learning outcomes: a meta-analysis. Education and Information Technologies 2025;30(11):16211 View
  64. Ding X, Shang B, Xie C, Xin J, Yu F. Artificial intelligence in the COVID-19 pandemic: balancing benefits and ethical challenges in China’s response. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2025;12(1) View
  65. Chan C. AI as the Therapist: Student Insights on the Challenges of Using Generative AI for School Mental Health Frameworks. Behavioral Sciences 2025;15(3):287 View
  66. Chen C, Lam K, Yip K, So H, Lum T, Wong I, Yam J, Chui C, Ip P. Comparison of an AI Chatbot With a Nurse Hotline in Reducing Anxiety and Depression Levels in the General Population: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Human Factors 2025;12:e65785 View
  67. Escoredo M, Mostovoy K, Schickler R, Bechtel A, Shagan J, Bunge E. Enhancing parental skills through artificial intelligence‐based conversational agents: The PAT Initiative. Family Relations 2025;74(3):1250 View
  68. Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang M, Yin M, Yang Z, Gao D, Li H. Exploring artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot usage behaviors and their association with mental health outcomes in Chinese university students. Journal of Affective Disorders 2025;380:394 View
  69. Feng Y, Hang Y, Wu W, Song X, Xiao X, Dong F, Qiao Z. Effectiveness of AI-Driven Conversational Agents in Improving Mental Health Among Young People: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e69639 View
  70. Nashwan A, Abuhammad S, El-Ashry A. Role of AI companions in addressing loneliness across generations. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 2025;108:104487 View
  71. Bunge E, Desage C. A Framework for Evaluating Mental Health Artificial Intelligence-based Conversational Agents. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2025 View
  72. Lau C, Kupiec K, Livermore P. Exploring the Acceptance and Opportunities of Using a Specific Generative AI Chatbot to Assist Parents in Managing Pediatric Rheumatological Chronic Health Conditions: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 2025;8:e70409 View
  73. Nurtanto M, Adyani A, Nor Abd Aziz M, Umar N, Perdana Sutrisno V, Nawanksari S, Thoharudin M, Ilma A, Kholifah N. Educational Strategies for Addressing Student Anxiety and Depression through Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric and Conceptual Analysis. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología 2025;5:1669 View
  74. Chen L, Yang L, Lin F, Lin Y. Systematic review: The integration of artificial intelligence-powered cognitive-behavioural therapy for autonomous mental health management. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 2025;57:151916 View
  75. Denecke K, Rivera Romero O, Wynn R, Gabarron E. Persuasive chatbot-based interventions for depression: a list of recommendations for improving reporting standards. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  76. Merrill K, Mikkilineni S, Dehnert M. Artificial intelligence chatbots as a source of virtual social support: Implications for loneliness and anxiety management. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2025;1549(1):148 View
  77. Abdelaziz Rashad Dabou E, Magdi Ibrahim F, Faisal Haimour M, Saleh A, Mottershead R. New Horizons in Higher Education: Examining the Mental Well-Being of Medical & Health Sciences Students Through the Use of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot Platforms in the United Arab Emirates – A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. F1000Research 2025;14:665 View
  78. Li S, Liu L, Wang Y, Deng X. Determinants of rural middle school students' adoption of AI chatbots for mental health. Frontiers in Public Health 2025;13 View
  79. Reyes-Portillo J, So A, McAlister K, Nicodemus C, Golden A, Jacobson C, Huberty J. Generative AI–Powered Mental Wellness Chatbot for College Student Mental Wellness: Open Trial. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e71923 View
  80. Ballesteros M, Acosta-Enriquez B, Valle M, Morales-Angaspilco J, Callejas Torres J, Luján López J, Blanco- García L, García Juárez H, Jordan O. The influence of social norms and word-of-mouth marketing on behavioral intention and behavioral use of generative AI chatbots among university students. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2025;19:100760 View
  81. Yeşiltepe M, Cömert Z, Ozmutlu M. Bilişim Girişimciliği Eğitiminde Yapay Zekâ Sohbet Robotu Entegrasyonu. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 2025;16(2):2942 View
  82. Chin H, Baek G, Cha C, Cha M. Chatbots’ Empathetic Conversations and Responses: A Qualitative Study of Help‑Seeking Queries on Depressive Moods Across 8 Commercial Conversational Agents. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e71538 View
  83. Mele C, Russo-Spena T, Ranieri A, Di Bernardo I, Hollebeek L. Talking vs typing: how voice- vs text-based educational robots shape student engagement. Journal of Service Management 2025:1 View
  84. Hua Y, Siddals S, Ma Z, Galatzer‐Levy I, Xia W, Hau C, Na H, Flathers M, Linardon J, Ayubcha C, Torous J. Charting the evolution of artificial intelligence mental health chatbots from rule‐based systems to large language models: a systematic review. World Psychiatry 2025;24(3):383 View
  85. Tomasz Ufniarski , Maria Ufniarska , Aleksandra Piech , Karolina Pasierb , Karol Poplicha , Martyna Grodzińska , Bartłomiej Siuzdak , Justyna Moszkowicz , Piotr Sobkiewicz , Patrycja Kardasz , Marta Jutrzenka , Patrycja Ucieklak . LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL BASED CHATBOTS – A CHANCE FOR CLOSING THE MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT GAP OR A THREAT TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH? A NARRATIVE REVIEW. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science 2025;3(3(47)) View
  86. Asriyan E, Gevorgyan R, Sargsyan H, Makaryan A, Aghasyan S. Real-time assessment of educational effectiveness using computer vision: A methodological framework demonstrated in a case study in Yerevan State University. Social Sciences & Humanities Open 2025;12:102014 View
  87. Basha S, Gull M, Alquqa E, Mahmoud K, Harhash A. The role of AI in university students’ mental health: a bibliometric review. Discover Social Science and Health 2025;5(1) View
  88. Abdelaziz Rashad Dabou E, Magdi Ibrahim F, Faisal Haimour M, Saleh A, Mottershead R. New Horizons in Higher Education: Examining the Mental Well-Being of Medical & Health Sciences Students Through the Use of Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot Platforms in the United Arab Emirates – A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. F1000Research 2025;14:665 View
  89. Gnedykh D, Bordovskaia N, Koshkina E, Posokhova S, Khromova M, Iskhakova M. Development of students’ subjectivity through interaction with generative artificial intelligence: a systematic review of scientific concepts. The Education and science journal 2025;27(8):9 View
  90. Du Q, Ren Y, Meng Z, He H, Meng S. The Efficacy of Rule-based Versus LLM-based Chatbots in Alleviating Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025 View
  91. Nyakhar S, Wang H. Effectiveness of artificial intelligence chatbots on mental health & well-being in college students: a rapid systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  92. Wang Y, Farb N. An Exploratory Study of Chatbot-Based Mindfulness for Mental Health Support. Mindfulness 2025 View
  93. Vo V, Woode M, Carter S, Degeling C, Chen G. Unravelling Public Preferences for the Use of Artificial Intelligence Mobile Health Applications in Australia. Value in Health 2025;28(11):1696 View
  94. Giotakos O. Artificial intelligence-based psychotherapy: focusing on common psychotherapeutic factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  95. Ali M, Ali S, Abbas Q, Abbas Z, Lee S. Artificial intelligence for mental health: A narrative review of applications, challenges, and future directions in digital health. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  96. Chiu Y, Lee Y, Lin H, Cheng L. Using cognitive behavioral therapy-based chatbots to alleviate symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Health Informatics Journal 2025;31(4) View
  97. Feng X, Tian L, Ho G, Yorke J, Hui V. The Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Alleviating Mental Distress and Promoting Health Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e79850 View
  98. Almeida K, Farias Y, Souza J. IMPACTO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE JOVENS ADULTOS: BENEFÍCIOS, DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS. REVISTA FOCO 2025;18(11):e10733 View
  99. Kuhail M, Al-Shamaileh O, Farooq S, Shahin H, Abdelzaher F, Thomas J, Kaura N. A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2025;2025(1) View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Lucero Fredes A, Cano S, Cubillos C, Díaz M. HCI International 2022 – Late Breaking Papers: HCI for Health, Well-being, Universal Access and Healthy Aging. View
  2. Vergara G, Salessi S. AI and Emotions in Digital Society. View
  3. Virkus S, Mamede H, Rocio V, Dickel J, Zubikova O, Butkiene R, Vaiciukynas E, Ceponiene L, Gudoniene D. Information and Software Technologies. View
  4. . Artificial and Cognitive Computing for Sustainable Healthcare Systems in Smart Cities. View
  5. Tuna A. Integrating Generative AI in Education to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals. View
  6. Jafar A, Shabnam S, Khan A. AI in Mental Health. View
  7. Fulmer R, Li N, Liu S. Emancipatory Education Without Boundaries in the Age of Neoliberalism, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Learning Platforms. View
  8. Torky M, Ben Aoun N, Ahmad S, Lashin M, Abobakr S, El-Mogy M, Hassanein A. Advances in Computational Collective Intelligence. View
  9. Chintalapudi A, Srujan Kuppambhotla V, Mandalemula S, Kowdagani S, Arya L. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Communications and Cyber Physical Engineering. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Liu I, Xiao Y, Liu F, Wu S, Ni S. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of Chinese CHI. Assessing the Effectiveness of Using Chatbots for Positive Psychological Intervention: A Randomized Control Study View
  2. Kumar A, Sharma S, Gupta S, Kumar D. 2024 11th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). Mental Healthcare Chatbot Based on Custom Diagnosis Documents Using a Quantized Large Language Model View
  3. Thenmozhi M, Rohit K, S A, Chakkravarthi D S. 2023 IEEE Engineering Informatics. Chat Master Using DJANGO View
  4. de la Torre A, Baldeon-Calisto M. 2024 12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Latin American Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review View
  5. De la Puente G, Silva A, Felix R. 2024 IEEE XXXI International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON). Development of a Chatbot Powered by Artificial Intelligence to Diagnose and Improve Stress and Anxiety Levels in University Students View
  6. Manoharan G, Pant L, Tewari R, Vichare S, Sarkar P, Dhanraj J. 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). AI-Powered Chatbots for Mental Health Support View
  7. Raut N, Kalambe B, Salvi A, Kothari H, Pulgam N. 2024 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Medical Sciences (ICETEMS). Soulmind: Mental Health Chatbot with Anxiety Prediction View
  8. PBV R, Tejasri T, Kalyani T, Rajiya S, Meher P, Siri S. 2025 International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems (ICMLAS). Mental Wellness ChatBot for Students Using NLP View
  9. Zaman M, Rahman M, ur Rasul M, Zaman M, Islam Fahim M, Miami A, Islam Sakif M, Noor J. 2024 27th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). A Data-Driven Insight to Enhancing Stress Management Through Chatbot Interaction Among Undergraduate Students View