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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Formative Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions (4892) Web-based and Mobile Health Interventions (5705) Digital Mental Health Interventions, e-Mental Health and Cyberpsychology (3051) mHealth for Symptom and Disease Monitoring, Chronic Disease Management (2292) Depression and Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention (2384) Anxiety and Stress Disorders (1582) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (1128) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (1399)

Published on in Vol 8 (2024)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/50025, first published .
Person holding a smartphone displaying a chatbot conversation about positive thinking.

Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot for People With Chronic Diseases: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of a Mental Health Chatbot for People With Chronic Diseases: Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors of this article:

A Luke MacNeill1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Shelley Doucet1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Alison Luke1, 2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (34) Tweetations (5) Metrics

Journals

  1. Malouin-Lachance A, Capolupo J, Laplante C, Hudon A. Does the Digital Therapeutic Alliance Exist? Integrative Review. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e69294 View
  2. Rech H, Vitta A, Freires E, Semolini F, Silva L. Aplicações da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na Regulação Emocional (RE): Uma Revisão Integrativa. Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 2025;17(6):e8542 View
  3. Balcombe L. The Mental Health Impacts of Internet Scams. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2025;22(6):938 View
  4. Kim H, Kang J, Kwon Y, Kim C, Yu J, Nam H, Lee J. Development of a Smart Health Care Service Using Metaverse and Chatbot Technologies for Adolescents, Parents, and School Health Teachers: User-Centered Design Approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e69190 View
  5. Zakerabasali S, Amiri P, Alipour J. Conversational Agents for Managing Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Health Scope 2025;14(4) View
  6. Mokaya P, Ágoston I, Galgalo D, Maloba G, Kazungu J, Gabriella H. Examining the prevalence, inequalities, and determinants of depression and anxiety in Kenya: A concentration index approach.. Acta Psychologica 2025;260:105563 View
  7. Hua Y, Siddals S, Ma Z, Galatzer‐Levy I, Xia W, Hau C, Na H, Flathers M, Linardon J, Ayubcha C, Torous J. Charting the evolution of artificial intelligence mental health chatbots from rule‐based systems to large language models: a systematic review. World Psychiatry 2025;24(3):383 View
  8. Mo L, Li H, Zhang Y, Li A, Xiong Z, Cun P, Zhu T. Self-help psychological intervention for young individuals during the post-COVID-19 era: development of a PST chatbot using GPT-4. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  9. Im C, Woo M. Clinical Efficacy, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Implementation Features of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Chatbots for Depression and Anxiety: Narrative Review. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e78340 View
  10. Du Q, Ren Y, Meng Z, He H, Meng S. The Efficacy of Rule-Based Versus Large Language Model-Based Chatbots in Alleviating Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e78186 View
  11. Liu Q, Liu S, Si G, Cui K. Which voice aids mental health interactions? Exploring dual-pathway effects of voice anthropomorphism of AI health chatbots on patient anxiety. Industrial Management & Data Systems 2026;126(7):2231 View
  12. Gullo N, Goldberg J, Howe C, Smith A, Firebaugh M, Horton M, Kouveliotes M, Larson G, Wilfley D, Fowler L, Fitzsimmons‐Craft E. User‐Centered Development of a Chatbot for Diverse Adolescents at High Risk for Eating Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2026;59(4):724 View
  13. Li B, Paracha S, Limniou M, Zhang X. Investigating the use of AI in psychological counseling: systematic review. Mental Health and Digital Technologies 2026;3(1):3 View
  14. Hou J, Lin S, Teng P, Han Y, Luo Y, He G. Application of chatbots in chronic disease management: A scoping review. DIGITAL HEALTH 2026;12 View
  15. Loy A, Bantry-White E. Evaluating AI in Social Programs: Reframing Complex Intervention as Socio-Technical Intervention. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work 2026;23(1):94 View
  16. Tan L, Loh P, Chow M, Lee J, Chin Y, Lee R, Ho S, Ng R, Neo H. Evaluating the role of artificial intelligence chatbots in advance care planning: a pilot study on usability and acceptability. BMJ Innovations 2026;12(1):46 View
  17. Łukasik A, Celebudzka M, Gut A. “Your Digital Doctor Will Now See You”: A Narrative Review of VR and AI Technology in Chronic Illness Management. Healthcare 2026;14(2):143 View
  18. Gong B, Yao N, Xie H, Huang C, Kishimoto T, Berenbaum H, Mu W. Efficacy, User Engagement, and Acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Oriented Psychological Chatbots for Adults With Depressive and/or Anxiety Symptoms: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e82677 View
  19. Templin T, Song S, Fort S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Kuo P. Participatory-informed preference optimization (PiPrO): A reinforcement learning simulation study. PLOS Digital Health 2026;5(3):e0001294 View
  20. Tulbure B, Spătaru B, Rusu A, Faur D, Precupaș D, Trancă L, Popa Ș, Spătaru A. Breaking Barriers in Student Mental Health Care With AI-Enhanced Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Pilot Feasibility Study. JMIR Formative Research 2026;10:e84296 View
  21. Sohn J, Ha B, Park S, Kim J, Lee E, Oh H, Lee S, Kim E. Systematic review and meta analysis of chatbots in the management of depressive and anxiety symptoms. npj Digital Medicine 2026;9(1) View
  22. Zamora-Tortosa J, Heredia-Ciuró A, Cruz Herrera C, Jiménez López R, Liang J, Valenza M, Lantarón-Caeiro E. Effectiveness of Conversational Agents on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Chronic Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare 2026;14(10):1360 View
  23. Kehinde O, Adeyeye E, Ayanwale M, Mojoyinola M. Can AI Express Empathy? Computational Insights from Mental Health Dialogues. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2026 View
  24. Naeim M, Narimani M, Aghajani S, Naeim M. Constructing Trust and Distrust in AI Therapists: A Grounded Theory Study of Public Online Narratives. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 2026;25:101109 View
  25. Mohamed ElshikhIdris M, Hassan Ali A, Mahmoud S, Salih Aziz Y, Ali I, Farah S, Mohamed Altayeb W. The Role of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Chronic Disease Care: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. Cureus 2026 View
  26. Elzeky M, Ali S, Alanazi S, Shoukr E, Shahine N. Traditional nurse-led vs chatbot education for older adults in postoperative complication prevention after major visceral surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatric Nursing 2026;72:104166 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Ech-Cheikh S, Kharmoum N, Ziti S. HealthTech “Global Summit of Digital Health”. View
  2. Marthi Krishna Kumar G, Ramesh S, Jeyakumar V. HealthTech Horizons: AI-Infused Metaverse Solutions for Smart Healthcare Systems. View
  3. Krishna Kumar G, Ramesh S, Jeyakumar V. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Metaverse Integration in Smart Healthcare. View
  4. Katoch H, Sandhu D. LLMs in Practice. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Wahid R, Craven C, Romanoff D, Kapralos B, Chandross D. 2025 16th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA). Developing 'Dr. Calm': An AI-Driven Chatbot for University Student Mental Health Support [WIP] View
  2. Gautam T, Goel O, Gupta P, Jindal R, Tomar R. 2026 5th International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). Unmute: Anonymous Vent Out Platform View
  3. Alkhozae M. Proceedings of the 2025 9th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence. AI-Powered Chatbots and Traditional Clinical Methods in Mental Health Assessment: A Comparative Review View
  4. Naidu S, Greeley W, Zhang Q. 2025 Artificial Intelligence x Humanities, Education, and Art (AIxHEART). Designing an Inclusive Personalized Guided Mindfulness Chatbot for Stress Management View