Automated Analysis of Drawing Process to Estimate Global Cognition in Older Adults: Preliminary International Validation on the US and Japan Data Sets

Yasunori Yamada   ¹ , PhD ;   Kaoru Shinkawa   ¹ , ME ;   Masatomo Kobayashi   ¹ , PhD ;   Varsha D Badal   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Danielle Glorioso   ^{2, 3} , MSW ;   Ellen E Lee   ^{2, 3, 4} , MD ;   Rebecca Daly   ^{2, 3} , BA ;   Camille Nebeker   ⁵ , EdD, MS ;   Elizabeth W Twamley   ^{2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Colin Depp   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Miyuki Nemoto   ⁶ , PhD ;   Kiyotaka Nemoto   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Ho-Cheol Kim   ⁷ , PhD ;   Tetsuaki Arai   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Dilip V Jeste   ^{2, 3, 8} , MD

¹ Digital Health, IBM Research, Tokyo, Japan

² Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

³ Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁴ VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States

⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

⁷ AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States

⁸ Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States