Development of the 12-Item Social Media Disinformation Scale and its Association With Social Media Addiction and Mental Health Related to COVID-19 in Tunisia: Survey-Based Pilot Case Study

Noomen Guelmami   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Maher Ben Khalifa   ⁴ , MSc ;   Nasr Chalghaf   ^{2, 3, 5} , PhD ;   Jude Dzevela Kong   ⁶ , PhD ;   Tannoubi Amayra   ¹ , MSc ;   Jianhong Wu   ⁶ , PhD ;   Fairouz Azaiez   ^{2, 3, 5} , PhD ;   Nicola Luigi Bragazzi   ^{3, 6} , MD, MPH, PhD

¹ Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia

² Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

³ Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

⁴ Research and Applications Unit in Marketing (URAM), Faculty of Economics and Management of Tunis (FSEGT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia

⁵ Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

⁶ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada