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Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality–Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality–Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Psychological status was measured through kinesiophobia, an emotional and cognitive factor that leads to maladaptive behaviors [30,31]; studies have shown that kinesiophobia is associated with more pain and disability and a lower quality of life [30]. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [32] and the TAMPA Scale of Kinesiophobia [33,34]. Studies retrieved from the databases were uploaded to Covidence online systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation).

Hermione Hin Man Lo, Mengting Zhu, Zihui Zou, Cho Lee Wong, Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Vincent Chi-Ho Chung, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, Regina Wing Shan Sit

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e48787

Feedback on Trunk Movements From an Electronic Game to Improve Postural Balance in People With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Feedback on Trunk Movements From an Electronic Game to Improve Postural Balance in People With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, 11- item version, was used to measure fear of movement, and the sum scores (4 response options: 11 to 44) were analyzed [62,63]. The English and German versions were found to generate reliable and valid data [62,63].

Anita Meinke, Rick Peters, Ruud H Knols, Jaap Swanenburg, Walter Karlen

JMIR Serious Games 2022;10(2):e31685

Virtual Reality as a Therapy Adjunct for Fear of Movement in Veterans With Chronic Pain: Single-Arm Feasibility Study

Virtual Reality as a Therapy Adjunct for Fear of Movement in Veterans With Chronic Pain: Single-Arm Feasibility Study

Cognitive biases in pain processing (eg, behaviors that aggravate pain should be avoided to prevent reinjury) can result in kinesiophobia, or fear of movement, and subsequent pain avoidance as a means of self-protection [16,17]. Avoidance promotes a self-perpetuating cycle of physical deconditioning, negative affect, disability, and worse pain [17-19].

Christopher A Fowler, Lisa M Ballistrea, Kerry E Mazzone, Aaron M Martin, Howard Kaplan, Kevin E Kip, Katherine Ralston, Jennifer L Murphy, Sandra L Winkler

JMIR Form Res 2019;3(4):e11266