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Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent and severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) [1]. In India, 10.9% (7.2%‐16.3%) of individuals aged 65 years and above with diabetes have DR, with 2.3% (1.2%‐4.4%) suffering from vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) [1], characterized by severe retinopathy or macular edema [2]. DR is typically asymptomatic in its early stages, and it can lead to visual impairment or blindness if left untreated [3].

Anshul Chauhan, Anju Goyal, Ritika Masih, Gagandeep Kaur, Lakshay Kumar, ­ Neha, Harsh Rastogi, Sonam Kumar, Bidhi Lord Singh, Preeti Syal, Vishali Gupta, Luke Vale, Mona Duggal

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e67047

Evaluation of the Clinical Nursing Effects of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Program Based on Care Pathways for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Evaluation of the Clinical Nursing Effects of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Program Based on Care Pathways for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

According to the Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China (2020 Edition) [1], the prevalence of diabetes in China has surged from 0.67% in 1980 to 11.2% in 2015-2017 [2,3]. Diabetes management in China faces significant challenges, particularly in rural areas where awareness, treatment, and control rates remain low.

Yanchun Zhao, Ting Huang, Yanli Chen, Songmei Li, Juan Zhao, Xu Han, Qing Ni, Ning Su

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e58951

Personalized mHealth Intervention (StepAdd) for Increasing Physical Activity in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis of Social Cognitive Theory Measurements of a Single-Arm Pilot Study

Personalized mHealth Intervention (StepAdd) for Increasing Physical Activity in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis of Social Cognitive Theory Measurements of a Single-Arm Pilot Study

Digital therapeutics (DTx), defined as evidence-based therapeutic interventions that are driven by high-quality software programs to treat, manage, or prevent a disease or disorder, can be effective in treating diabetes by inducing behavior changes [1]. However, studies of DTx generally do not explore the implications of the underlying behavior change theory.

Kayo Waki, Syunpei Enomoto, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Masaomi Nangaku, Kazuhiko Ohe

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e60221

Multilevel Intervention to Increase Patient Portal Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Access Health Care at Community Health Centers: Single Arm, Pre-Post Pilot Study

Multilevel Intervention to Increase Patient Portal Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Access Health Care at Community Health Centers: Single Arm, Pre-Post Pilot Study

There are significant racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of type 2 diabetes (T2 D). Despite medical advances and increased access to medical care, these disparities persist. Racial or ethnic minorities are more likely to have poor glycemic control [1], develop diabetes-related complications [2], and are 1.5-2.3 times more likely to die from diabetes than White individuals [3].

Robin Whittemore, Sangchoon Jeon, Samuel Akyirem, Helen N C Chen, Joanna Lipson, Maritza Minchala, Julie Wagner

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e67293

Examining How Adults With Diabetes Use Technologies to Support Diabetes Self-Management: Mixed Methods Study

Examining How Adults With Diabetes Use Technologies to Support Diabetes Self-Management: Mixed Methods Study

Adults with diabetes can significantly lower their risk of diabetes complications such as nerve damage, kidney failure, blindness, myocardial infarction, and stroke by maintaining healthy daily diabetes self-management behaviors [1-3].

Timothy Bober, Sophia Garvin, Jodi Krall, Margaret Zupa, Carissa Low, Ann-Marie Rosland

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e64505

Differences in Telemedicine Use for Patients With Diabetes in an Academic Versus Safety Net Health System: Retrospective Cohort Study

Differences in Telemedicine Use for Patients With Diabetes in an Academic Versus Safety Net Health System: Retrospective Cohort Study

The study cohort was identified using electronic health records (EHRs) and included adult patients (aged 18 years and older) with diabetes mellitus who had at least 1 primary care or endocrinology encounter between July 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021 (hereafter referred to as the study period). Participants were required to have a diagnosis of diabetes prior to the beginning of the study period.

Jonathan J Shih, Magdalene Kuznia, Sarah Nouri, Elizabeth B Sherwin, Kathryn E Kemper, Anna D Rubinsky, Courtney R Lyles, Elaine C Khoong

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64635

User-Centered Prototype Design of a Health Care Robot for Treating Type 2 Diabetes in the Community Pharmacy: Development and Usability Study

User-Centered Prototype Design of a Health Care Robot for Treating Type 2 Diabetes in the Community Pharmacy: Development and Usability Study

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, with the number of people affected by the disease continually rising [1]. According to the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, the global number of people with diabetes reached 537 million in 2021 and is expected to continue rising, reaching an estimated 783 million by 2045 [2]. The most prevalent form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, which affects more than 90% of all individuals with diabetes [2].

Ching-Ju Chiu, Lin-Chun Hua, Jung-Hsien Chiang, Chieh-Ying Chou

JMIR Hum Factors 2025;12:e48226

Prescription Refill Adherence Before and After Patient Portal Registration in Among General Practice Patients in England Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink: Longitudinal Observational Study

Prescription Refill Adherence Before and After Patient Portal Registration in Among General Practice Patients in England Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink: Longitudinal Observational Study

A study among patients with diabetes reported that time without medication was reduced for those who exclusively used the refill function of the portal compared to those who did not use it [4]. Nonadherence to statins reduced by 6% (95% CI 4%‐7%) among patients with diabetes exclusively using the refill function compared to nonusers of the portal [5].

Abrar Alturkistani, Thomas Beaney, Geva Greenfield, Ceire E Costelloe

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e50294

Patient and Clinician Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Current Telemedicine Approaches in Endocrinology Care for Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study

Patient and Clinician Perspectives on the Effectiveness of Current Telemedicine Approaches in Endocrinology Care for Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study

Evidence from randomized trials of telemedicine interventions for type 2 diabetes (T2 D) demonstrates that remote review of blood glucose by care teams [7,8]; active remote medication adjustment [8,9]; patient engagement between visits via phone, text message, or portals [9]; multidisciplinary team involvement in virtual care [8]; and remote diabetes self-management education and support services [10-12] are associated with the greatest hemoglobin A1c improvement and may support diabetes care quality.

Margaret Zupa, Megan Hamm, Lane Alexander, Ann-Marie Rosland

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e60765

Investigating Reddit Data on Type 2 Diabetes Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling and Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning Analysis: Content Analysis

Investigating Reddit Data on Type 2 Diabetes Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling and Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning Analysis: Content Analysis

Diabetes is a serious metabolic condition in which the body experiences elevated blood glucose levels, which can result in serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, stroke, eye disease, foot ulcers, nerve damage, and amputation. The World Health Organization [1] states that high blood glucose levels are the third leading cause of premature mortality. Type 2 diabetes (T2 D) is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient production of insulin.

Meghan Nagpal, Niloofar Jalali, Diana Sherifali, Plinio Morita, Joseph A Cafazzo

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e51154