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Web-Based Warfarin Management (Alfalfa App) Versus Traditional Warfarin Management: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Web-Based Warfarin Management (Alfalfa App) Versus Traditional Warfarin Management: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

With a usage history spanning over 60 years, warfarin is currently the most widely used anticoagulant prescription drug for preventing thrombosis after heart valve surgery, orthopedic surgery, atrial fibrillation, and varicose veins of the lower extremities, as well as systemic embolism, pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism [1]. Daily management of warfarin is highly correlated with clinical outcomes.

Wenfei Chen, Jiana Chen, Shaojun Jiang, Chunhua Wang, Jinhua Zhang

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e46319

Evaluation of Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Warfarin Discharge Dose in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Retrospective Algorithm Development and Validation Study

Evaluation of Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Warfarin Discharge Dose in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Retrospective Algorithm Development and Validation Study

Warfarin is a commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant for patients who have undergone cardiac surgery and remains the only guideline-endorsed anticoagulant for patients with mechanical heart valves. However, considerable interindividual variability exists in the response to warfarin, with patient age, BMI, concomitant medications, and genetic status imparting considerable influence on warfarin maintenance dose requirements [1-5].

Lindsay Dryden, Jacquelin Song, Teresa J Valenzano, Zhen Yang, Meggie Debnath, Rebecca Lin, Jane Topolovec-Vranic, Muhammad Mamdani, Tony Antoniou

JMIR Cardio 2023;7:e47262

A “Bundle of Care” to Improve Anticoagulation Control in Patients Receiving Warfarin in Uganda and South Africa: Protocol for an Implementation Study

A “Bundle of Care” to Improve Anticoagulation Control in Patients Receiving Warfarin in Uganda and South Africa: Protocol for an Implementation Study

We will collaborate with their treating clinicians and calculate a warfarin initiation dose using the relevant algorithm. Day 0 is considered the first day that warfarin is taken. We recruited participant up to 7 days before and no more than 1 day after warfarin was initiated, meaning some individuals may have taken a single warfarin dose. We will use a paper-based dosing table, using dose formulations currently available, which has been developed for implementation (Multimedia Appendix 1).

Andrea L Jorgensen, Catherine Orrell, Catriona Waitt, Cheng-Hock Toh, Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Dyfrig A Hughes, Elizabeth Allen, Emmy Okello, Gayle Tatz, Giovanna Culeddu, Innocent G Asiimwe, Jerome Roy Semakula, Johannes P Mouton, Karen Cohen, Marc Blockman, Mohammed Lamorde, Munir Pirmohamed

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e46710

Telemedicine-Based Management of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Telemedicine-Based Management of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Even in recent clinical trials of DOAC versus warfarin, TTR in control groups varied widely across various geographical regions [47], reaching values as low as 36% in India. Hence, e Health implementation may positively impact the quality of anticoagulation, especially in underserved regions. The complexity and potential hazards associated with OAT, especially VKAs, make it a still underused therapy, and anticipation of difficulty in management is a frequent barrier to an adequate prescription of OAT [48].

Letícia Braga Ferreira, Rodrigo Lanna de Almeida, Alair Arantes, Hebatullah Abdulazeem, Ishanka Weerasekara, Leticia Santos Dias Norberto Ferreira, Luana Fonseca de Almeida Messias, Luciana Siuves Ferreira Couto, Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras Martins, Núbia Suelen Antunes, Raissa Carolina Fonseca Cândido, Samuel Rosa Ferreira, Tati Guerra Pezzini Assis, Thais Marques Pedroso, Eric Boersma, Antonio Ribeiro, Milena Soriano Marcolino

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e45922

Shared Decision-Making for Drug-Drug Interactions: Formative Evaluation of an Anticoagulant Drug Interaction

Shared Decision-Making for Drug-Drug Interactions: Formative Evaluation of an Anticoagulant Drug Interaction

Approximately 8 million people in the United States received anticoagulants, including warfarin, in 2019 [1]. Warfarin is well known for having a multitude of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with many avoided through health care provider awareness. However, studies found that up to 24% of people taking warfarin also received a prescription for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and almost 50% of patients on warfarin have some form of ongoing pain [2,3].

Ainhoa Gomez Lumbreras, Thomas J Reese, Guilherme Del Fiol, Malinda S Tan, Jorie M Butler, Jason T Hurwitz, Mary Brown, Kensaku Kawamoto, Henrik Thiess, Maria Wright, Daniel C Malone

JMIR Form Res 2022;6(10):e40018

New Internet-Based Warfarin Anticoagulation Management Approach After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement: Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

New Internet-Based Warfarin Anticoagulation Management Approach After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement: Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

Warfarin, as an anticoagulation drug, is widely used in the prevention of various thromboembolic events [6], but it is not easy to control due to the narrow therapeutic range and patients’ heterogeneity. Therefore, the dosage of warfarin needs to be adjusted accordingly by the international normalized ratio (INR) [7,8].

Zhihui Zhu, Chenyu Li, Jinglun Shen, Kaisheng Wu, Yuehuan Li, Kun Liu, Fan Zhang, Zhenhua Zhang, Yan Li, Jie Han, Ying Qin, Yu Yang, Guangpu Fan, Huajun Zhang, Zheng Ding, Dong Xu, Yu Chen, Yingli Zheng, Zhe Zheng, Xu Meng, Haibo Zhang

J Med Internet Res 2021;23(8):e29529

Effectiveness of the Alfalfa App in Warfarin Therapy Management for Patients Undergoing Venous Thrombosis Prevention and Treatment: Cohort Study

Effectiveness of the Alfalfa App in Warfarin Therapy Management for Patients Undergoing Venous Thrombosis Prevention and Treatment: Cohort Study

Without proper adjustment, excessive warfarin may cause bleeding, and inadequate warfarin doses may cause thrombosis and possible death [3]. This represents a costly use of medical resources and is physically and psychologically traumatic to patients and their families [4]. Warfarin dose adjustment is usually performed at hospital clinics. For patients living in rural areas, adjustment of warfarin dosages requires transportation, accommodation, and time.

Hua Cao, Shaojun Jiang, Meina Lv, Tingting Wu, Wenjun Chen, Jinhua Zhang

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021;9(3):e23332

Technology-Based Interventions in Oral Anticoagulation Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Technology-Based Interventions in Oral Anticoagulation Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Oral anticoagulants (OACs) have been used for decades, especially warfarin, which has been in use since the 1950s. Until recently warfarin has been a fundamental drug in clinical anticoagulant therapy, and although the results of two previously published meta-analyses of atrial fibrillation suggested that novel OACs are not inferior to warfarin in terms of safety and efficacy [1,2], warfarin has the advantage of being inexpensive and having a wide range of indications.

Hengfen Dai, Caiyun Zheng, Chun Lin, Yan Zhang, Hong Zhang, Fan Chen, Yunchun Liu, Jingwen Xiao, Chaoxin Chen

J Med Internet Res 2020;22(7):e18386

Evaluation of a Health Information Technology–Enabled Panel Management Platform to Improve Anticoagulation Control in a Low-Income Patient Population: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Design

Evaluation of a Health Information Technology–Enabled Panel Management Platform to Improve Anticoagulation Control in a Low-Income Patient Population: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Design

Warfarin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States, with more than 20 million Americans taking warfarin anticoagulation therapy to prevent the formation of blood clots. As one of the most common culprits of adverse drug events (ADEs) in outpatient settings [1], warfarin dosing must be individualized to be effective; overdosing of warfarin can cause serious bleeding complications, whereas underdosing does not provide adequate protection against thromboembolism.

Valy Fontil, Dhruv Kazi, Roy Cherian, Shin-Yu Lee, Urmimala Sarkar

JMIR Res Protoc 2020;9(1):e13835

A Web-Based Clinical System for Cohort Surveillance of Specific Clinical Effectiveness and Safety Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin

A Web-Based Clinical System for Cohort Surveillance of Specific Clinical Effectiveness and Safety Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin

In recent years, the NOACs (ie, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) have been launched and suggested as alternatives to warfarin. Compared with warfarin, NOACs demonstrated similar or better stroke prevention effects and similar or lower risks of bleeding in clinical trials [25-27]. Moreover, the NOACs exhibit fewer drug-food or drug-drug interactions and do not require regular monitoring.

Fong-Ci Lin, Shih-Tsung Huang, Rung Ji Shang, Chi-Chuan Wang, Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Fang-Ju Lin, Mei-Shu Lin, Kuan-Yu Hung, Jui Wang, Li-Jiuan Shen, Feipei Lai, Chih-Fen Huang

JMIR Med Inform 2019;7(3):e13329