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Exploring Biases of Large Language Models in the Field of Mental Health: Comparative Questionnaire Study of the Effect of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Case Vignettes

Exploring Biases of Large Language Models in the Field of Mental Health: Comparative Questionnaire Study of the Effect of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Case Vignettes

We then adapted gender and sexual orientation in each vignette to create 4 versions (2 × 2 design), describing a female versus male patient living with their female versus male partner (if either a marriage or age ≥30 years was mentioned, the term husband or wife was chosen, otherwise boyfriend or girlfriend). This resulted in 120 adopted vignettes.

Rebekka Schnepper, Noa Roemmel, Rainer Schaefert, Lena Lambrecht-Walzinger, Gunther Meinlschmidt

JMIR Ment Health 2025;12:e57986

Authors’ Reply: Enhancing the Clinical Relevance of Al Research for Medication Decision-Making

Authors’ Reply: Enhancing the Clinical Relevance of Al Research for Medication Decision-Making

We appreciate the insights regarding our manuscript, “Investigating Older Adults’ Perceptions of AI Tools for Medication Decisions: Vignette-Based Experimental Survey” [1], in the letter to the editor shared by Wang and Chen [2].

Sarah E Vordenberg, Julianna Nichols, Vincent D Marshall, Kristie Rebecca Weir, Michael P Dorsch

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e72007

Investigating Older Adults’ Perceptions of AI Tools for Medication Decisions: Vignette-Based Experimental Survey

Investigating Older Adults’ Perceptions of AI Tools for Medication Decisions: Vignette-Based Experimental Survey

For each vignette, participants indicated how likely they would be to stop the medication if recommended by 5 different sources of information (ie, primary care provider, a pharmacist at a drugstore, “EHR-PCP,” “EHR-Direct,” and “Questions-Direct”). We presented 3 medication vignettes (ie, aspirin, ranitidine, and simvastatin) to each participant in a randomized order.

Sarah E Vordenberg, Julianna Nichols, Vincent D Marshall, Kristie Rebecca Weir, Michael P Dorsch

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e60794

Controlling Inputter Variability in Vignette Studies Assessing Web-Based Symptom Checkers: Evaluation of Current Practice and Recommendations for Isolated Accuracy Metrics

Controlling Inputter Variability in Vignette Studies Assessing Web-Based Symptom Checkers: Evaluation of Current Practice and Recommendations for Isolated Accuracy Metrics

Some of the general limitations of vignette studies are reported more often in the literature and have been mentioned in previous sections. However, some other tester-dependent limitations specific to vignette methodology measuring the accuracy of outcome are less explored. Several vignette studies use vignettes that do not define chief complaints [13,20], leaving it to the discretion of the individual testers to select and interpret them.

András Meczner, Nathan Cohen, Aleem Qureshi, Maria Reza, Shailen Sutaria, Emily Blount, Zsolt Bagyura, Tamer Malak

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e49907

Comparing the Perspectives of Generative AI, Mental Health Experts, and the General Public on Schizophrenia Recovery: Case Vignette Study

Comparing the Perspectives of Generative AI, Mental Health Experts, and the General Public on Schizophrenia Recovery: Case Vignette Study

To address the generative nature of the models, which produces different responses to similar questions, each vignette was passed through each model 10 times. We compared the LLMs’ data for schizophrenia prognosis to the norms used by mental health professionals and to the views of the general public, as reported by Caldwell and Jorm [38].

Zohar Elyoseph, Inbar Levkovich

JMIR Ment Health 2024;11:e53043

Digital Triage Tools for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Compared With General Practitioners’ Advice: Vignette-Based Qualitative Study With Interviews Among General Practitioners

Digital Triage Tools for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Compared With General Practitioners’ Advice: Vignette-Based Qualitative Study With Interviews Among General Practitioners

To answer the research questions, a vignette-based qualitative study was conducted based on different STI-related patient cases [12]. A qualitative vignette study was conducted using semistructured interviews with GPs as participants. Data saturation was expected after 10 interviews [13]. There were no specific exclusion criteria. GPs in training, practicing, or retired (for ≤5 y) could participate.

Kyma Schnoor, Anke Versluis, Niels H Chavannes, Esther P W A Talboom-Kamp

JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e49221

ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis Lists for Complex Case–Derived Clinical Vignettes: Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation

ChatGPT-Generated Differential Diagnosis Lists for Complex Case–Derived Clinical Vignettes: Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation

A clinical vignette is a concise narrative used in research to present a clinical scenario. However, these earlier studies did not focus on the materials derived from the GIM department, which is known for its diagnostically challenging cases. This gap in the literature accentuates the novelty and distinctiveness of our study.

Takanobu Hirosawa, Ren Kawamura, Yukinori Harada, Kazuya Mizuta, Kazuki Tokumasu, Yuki Kaji, Tomoharu Suzuki, Taro Shimizu

JMIR Med Inform 2023;11:e48808

Suicide Risk Assessments Through the Eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 Versus ChatGPT-4: Vignette Study

Suicide Risk Assessments Through the Eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 Versus ChatGPT-4: Vignette Study

In this investigation, we adopted the text vignette methodology as elucidated by Bresin et al [37] to examine the observer’s perspective on suicidal acts. A specific vignette from Levi-Belz and Gamliel [38] was entered into the Chat GPT interface.

Inbar Levkovich, Zohar Elyoseph

JMIR Ment Health 2023;10:e51232