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Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review

Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review

Furthermore, metadata, which provides descriptive information about datasets—plays a key role in standardizing data classification, integration, and analysis across different surveillance systems [24]. Therefore, establishing a standardized MDS and metadata system is essential for optimizing AVSS, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Mengdi Zhang, Junting Yang, Yan Li, Yuan Li, Tong Li, Ziqi Dong, Shuo Gong, Yahui Wu, Minrui Ren, Chunxiang Fan, Lina Zhang, Yi Wang, Yali Wang, Jingtian Ren, Feng Sun, Chuanyong Shen, Keli Li, Zhike Liu, Siyan Zhan

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e63161

Data Interoperability in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: Methodological Approach in the VACCELERATE Project

Data Interoperability in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: Methodological Approach in the VACCELERATE Project

Metadata items such as data format, data dictionary name, response type, item text, required field indicator, and review groups were compared for consistency and discrepancies. Once identified, the next step was to analyze the rationale behind the observed consistencies and discrepancies among the metadata items.

Salma Malik, Zoi Pana Dorothea, Christos D Argyropoulos, Sophia Themistocleous, Alan J Macken, Olena Valdenmaiier, Frank Scheckenbach, Elena Bardach, Andrea Pfeiffer, Katherine Loens, Jordi Cano Ochando, Oliver A Cornely, Jacques Demotes-Mainard, Sergio Contrino, Gerd Felder

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e65590

Emerging Domains for Measuring Health Care Delivery With Electronic Health Record Metadata

Emerging Domains for Measuring Health Care Delivery With Electronic Health Record Metadata

EHR use metadata (eg, audit logs, orders metadata, documentation and communication metadata, and patient encounters metadata) contain valuable details on the complex system in which health care is delivered, with early insights primarily focused on discrete action or time-based measures [8-15].

Daniel Tawfik, Adam Rule, Aram Alexanian, Dori Cross, A Jay Holmgren, Sunny S Lou, Eugenia McPeek Hinz, Christian Rose, Ratnalekha V N Viswanadham, Rebecca G Mishuris, Jorge M Rodríguez-Fernández, Eric W Ford, Sarah T Florig, Christine A Sinsky, Nate C Apathy

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64721

How to Design Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) Questions to Maximize Semantic Interoperability in Clinical Research

How to Design Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) Questions to Maximize Semantic Interoperability in Clinical Research

Following the FAIR principles, metadata is of foremost importance for the quality re-use of information. Metadata should ideally include references to international terminology codes that unambiguously represent each concept. Whenever possible, all CRF variables should be handled as close-ended questions. In case of measurement or observations, Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) should be used.

Eugenia Rinaldi, Caroline Stellmach, Sylvia Thun

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e51598

Exploring Metadata Catalogs in Health Care Data Ecosystems: Taxonomy Development Study

Exploring Metadata Catalogs in Health Care Data Ecosystems: Taxonomy Development Study

Metadata describe dataset attributes, such as source, format, structure, provenance, owner, access, or governance modalities [29]. Metadata catalogs act as “catalogues of data catalogues,” dedicated to enhancing discoverability, usability, and management of distributed datasets [30].

Simon Scheider, Mostafa Kamal Mallick

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e63396

Toward Better Semantic Interoperability of Data Element Repositories in Medicine: Analysis Study

Toward Better Semantic Interoperability of Data Element Repositories in Medicine: Analysis Study

Metadata, essentially data about data, offers a solution to address such issues. Metadata can describe data, providing researchers with a comprehensive overview to aid understanding and application. Furthermore, it supports more precise retrieval and traceability. When data are accurately associated with metadata (such as “18” being linked to an individual’s total years of smoking), its semantics become much more straightforward.

Zhengyong Hu, Anran Wang, Yifan Duan, Jiayin Zhou, Wanfei Hu, Sizhu Wu

JMIR Med Inform 2024;12:e60293

Assessment of Clinical Metadata on the Accuracy of Retinal Fundus Image Labels in Diabetic Retinopathy in Uganda: Case-Crossover Study Using the Multimodal Database of Retinal Images in Africa

Assessment of Clinical Metadata on the Accuracy of Retinal Fundus Image Labels in Diabetic Retinopathy in Uganda: Case-Crossover Study Using the Multimodal Database of Retinal Images in Africa

Group 1 (“with or without”) labeled the CFPs with metadata in Phase 1 and without metadata in Phase 2. Group 2 (“without or with”) labeled the CFP in Phase 1 without metadata and with metadata in Phase 2. In Phase 2, the order of presentation for the same CFPs was scrambled for both groups (Figure 1). After labeling the test set images with and without metadata, the results of ICDR scores and the presence or absence of ME were recorded for each participant.

Simon Arunga, Katharine Elise Morley, Teddy Kwaga, Michael Gerard Morley, Luis Filipe Nakayama, Rogers Mwavu, Fred Kaggwa, Julius Ssempiira, Leo Anthony Celi, Jessica E Haberer, Celestino Obua

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e59914

Making Metadata Machine-Readable as the First Step to Providing Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable Population Health Data: Framework Development and Implementation Study

Making Metadata Machine-Readable as the First Step to Providing Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable Population Health Data: Framework Development and Implementation Study

Finding data and knowledge or information about population health requires accurate and comprehensive documentation of metadata, often referred to as “data about data”; however, the best way to achieve this remains unclear [4]. Disease surveillance metadata encompass crucial details, including the diseases under surveillance, geographical areas covered, and variables measured, each with defined formats and explanations.

David Amadi, Sylvia Kiwuwa-Muyingo, Tathagata Bhattacharjee, Amelia Taylor, Agnes Kiragga, Michael Ochola, Chifundo Kanjala, Arofan Gregory, Keith Tomlin, Jim Todd, Jay Greenfield, INSPIRE INSPIRE Network

Online J Public Health Inform 2024;16:e56237

Traceable Research Data Sharing in a German Medical Data Integration Center With FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability)-Geared Provenance Implementation: Proof-of-Concept Study

Traceable Research Data Sharing in a German Medical Data Integration Center With FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability)-Geared Provenance Implementation: Proof-of-Concept Study

A crucial factor in advancing these objectives is the metadata acquired from the data transformation and integration process throughout the data life cycle. The field of biological research has already acknowledged the significance of metadata, as outlined in ISO norms such as ISO/CD 20961 [15] and ISO/TC 276/WG5 on data processing and integration [16]. ISO 20961, for example, specifies requirements for the consistent formatting and documentation of data and metadata.

Kerstin Gierend, Dagmar Waltemath, Thomas Ganslandt, Fabian Siegel

JMIR Form Res 2023;7:e50027

The Status of Data Management Practices Across German Medical Data Integration Centers: Mixed Methods Study

The Status of Data Management Practices Across German Medical Data Integration Centers: Mixed Methods Study

Provenance assertions are a form of contextual metadata and can themselves become important records with their own provenance” [13]. W3 C provenance: is a family of specifications for provenance with a generic concept to express specific meta-information (or metadata) about data and its related artifacts.

Kerstin Gierend, Sherry Freiesleben, Dennis Kadioglu, Fabian Siegel, Thomas Ganslandt, Dagmar Waltemath

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e48809