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Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections Among Young Infants With Hypothermia: Protocol for a Multicenter, Retrospective Case-Control Study

Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections Among Young Infants With Hypothermia: Protocol for a Multicenter, Retrospective Case-Control Study

It remains unclear what percentage of infants with hypothermia are ill-appearing or have other relevant findings on examination. Prior work has provided limited data with respect to SBI among young infants with hypothermia. These studies, performed from single centers or from administrative datasets, have identified that SBIs occur in 1%-8% of young infants with hypothermia [5,6,9,12-15].

Sriram Ramgopal, Paul Aronson, Douglas Lorenz, Alexander Joseph Rogers, Andrea Tania Cruz

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66722

Development of Machine Learning–Based Risk Prediction Models to Predict Rapid Weight Gain in Infants: Analysis of Seven Cohorts

Development of Machine Learning–Based Risk Prediction Models to Predict Rapid Weight Gain in Infants: Analysis of Seven Cohorts

Imbalanced outcome data (ie, higher proportion of infants without RWG and vs with RWG) can result in biased risk prediction models with better performance in predicting infants with no RWG. We used the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) [38], a commonly used method in ML, to address imbalanced outcome data.

Miaobing Zheng, Yuxin Zhang, Rachel A Laws, Peter Vuillermin, Jodie Dodd, Li Ming Wen, Louise A Baur, Rachael Taylor, Rebecca Byrne, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Kylie D Hesketh

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2025;11:e69220

Pain Assessment Tools for Infants, Children, and Adolescents With Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Pain Assessment Tools for Infants, Children, and Adolescents With Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Thus, our primary goal is to synthesize existing literature on cancer-related pain assessment tools for infants, children, and adolescents aged We will conduct a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis [17]. Research team members discussed and revised the drafted protocol. The final report will be presented following the PRISMA-Sc R (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) [18].

Mika Hirata, Noyuri Yamaji, Shotaro Iwamoto, Ayaka Hasegawa, Mitsuru Miyachi, Takashi Yamaguchi, Daisuke Hasegawa, Erika Ota, Nobuyuki Yotani, Japanese Society for Palliative Medicine

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66614

Exploring Stress and Stress-Reduction With Caregivers and Clinicians in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Inform Intervention Development: Qualitative Interview Study

Exploring Stress and Stress-Reduction With Caregivers and Clinicians in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Inform Intervention Development: Qualitative Interview Study

Thirteen caregivers (12 parents and 1 grandparent) completed interviews and experienced NICU stays with 10 infants (8 singletons and 1 set of twins). Although we aimed to recruit multiple types of caregivers (ie, parents, grandparents, aunts, and uncles) in this study, only 1 nonparent caregiver was successfully recruited.

Kristin Harrison Ginsberg, Jane Alsweiler, Jenny Rogers, Phoebe Ross, Anna Serlachius

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2025;8:e66401

Development and Beta Validation of an mHealth-Based Hearing Screener (SRESHT) for Young Children in Resource-Limited Countries: Pilot Validation Study

Development and Beta Validation of an mHealth-Based Hearing Screener (SRESHT) for Young Children in Resource-Limited Countries: Pilot Validation Study

In India, the prevalence of hearing loss among neonates and infants is 5 per 1000 [2], and it ranges between 6% and 16% among children [3]. However, procuring and maintaining the recommended objective screening instruments like otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response has not been viable at scale. Even in several other LMICs, only paper-pencil–based checklists are used to screen hearing loss, for example, Bangladesh [4], Thailand [5], Ecuador [6], Kenya [7], and Brazil [8].

Vidya Ramkumar, Deepashree Joshi B, Anil Prabhakar, James W Hall, Ramya Vaidyanath

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e53460

Peer Review of “Pentavalent Vaccine: How Safe Is It Among Infants Accessing Immunization in Nigerian Health Facilities (Preprint)”

Peer Review of “Pentavalent Vaccine: How Safe Is It Among Infants Accessing Immunization in Nigerian Health Facilities (Preprint)”

The study [1] aims to assess the safety of administering the pentavalent vaccine to infants in Nigeria by evaluating the incidence and severity of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). The main objective is to provide local evidence via surveillance on the vaccine’s safety among infants administered in Nigerian health facilities, providing evidence that the benefits of vaccination outweigh any potential risks.

Daniela Saderi, Musa Ali, Paul Hassan Ilegbusi, Toba Olatoye, Shah S

JMIRx Med 2024;5:e66894

Clinical Data Flow in Botswana Clinics: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Assessment

Clinical Data Flow in Botswana Clinics: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Assessment

For example, UNICEF highlights Botswana’s strong HIV early infant diagnosis program but notes the long turnaround times for results and lack of HIV-exposed infants’ final infection status. The report further states, “Key PMTCT variables have poor quality data thought to be associated with lack of understanding of the required data and lack of uniformity in recording and reporting” [15].

Grey Faulkenberry, Audrey Masizana, Badisa Mosesane, Kagiso Ndlovu

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e52411

Assessing the Evidence for Nonobstetric Risk Factors for Deformational Plagiocephaly: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Assessing the Evidence for Nonobstetric Risk Factors for Deformational Plagiocephaly: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was investigated as a risk factor for DP by Ifflaender et al [29], who included a cohort of infants born prematurely. The study reported that bronchopulmonary dysplasia was not associated with DP. Chronic lung disease grade II was investigated by Launonen et al [34], who also assessed DP risk factors in infants born prematurely. The study reported that chronic lung disease grade II was associated with DP. Family history of DP was investigated by van Cruchten et al [9].

Christopher Robert Timothy Hillyar, Natalie Bishop, Anjan Nibber, Frances Jean Bell-Davies, Juling Ong

Interact J Med Res 2024;13:e55695