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Online Interventions Addressing Health Misinformation: Scoping Review

Online Interventions Addressing Health Misinformation: Scoping Review

Reference 12: A scoping review of digital health interventions for combating COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation Reference 29: Tools that fight disinformation online(https://www.rand.org/research/projects/truth-decay /fighting-disinformation/search.html)disinformation

Hiya Grover, Radwa Nour, Nabil Zary, Leigh Powell

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e69618


Interventions to Counter Health Misinformation Among Older People: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Interventions to Counter Health Misinformation Among Older People: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Misinformation and disinformation in health are significant issues because they undermine trust in public health authorities, scientists, and governments [1-4]. Health misinformation encompasses information that deviates from the established scientific consensus about a phenomenon [5]. Conversely, disinformation involves the intentional spread of inaccurate information with the aim of misleading or causing harm, while misinformation, although still incorrect, is shared without malicious intent [6].

Maryline Vivion, Valérie Reid, Valérie Trottier, Frédéric Bergeron, Isabelle Savard, Emilie Dionne, André Tourigny

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e74138


Navigating the Maze of Social Media Disinformation on Psychiatric Illness and Charting Paths to Reliable Information for Mental Health Professionals: Observational Study of TikTok Videos

Navigating the Maze of Social Media Disinformation on Psychiatric Illness and Charting Paths to Reliable Information for Mental Health Professionals: Observational Study of TikTok Videos

A study analyzing the top 100 ADHD-related videos on Tik Tok found that less than half adhered to clinical guidelines, raising concerns about disinformation leading to self-diagnosis among teenagers [21]. The motivations behind disseminating mental health disinformation on social media are multifaceted. A bibliometric analysis identified various intervention strategies to address disinformation sharing, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to decrease the spread of inaccurate information [22].

Alexandre Hudon, Keith Perry, Anne-Sophie Plate, Alexis Doucet, Laurence Ducharme, Orielle Djona, Constanza Testart Aguirre, Gabrielle Evoy

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64225


Measurement, Characterization, and Mapping of COVID-19 Misinformation in Spain: Cross-Sectional Study

Measurement, Characterization, and Mapping of COVID-19 Misinformation in Spain: Cross-Sectional Study

While access to information is essential, the unprecedented volumes of data surrounding SARS-Co V-2 and COVID-19 has made it increasingly difficult for individuals and institutions to discern scientific evidence from misinformation or disinformation and anecdotal claims [5].

Javier Alvarez-Galvez, Carolina Lagares-Franco, Esther Ortega-Martin, Helena De Sola, Antonio Rojas-García, Paloma Sanz-Marcos, José Almenara-Barrios, Angelos P Kassianos, Ilaria Montagni, María Camacho-García, Maribel Serrano-Macías, Jesús Carretero-Bravo

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e69945


Use of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model for COVID-19 Fact-Checking: Development and Usability Study

Use of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model for COVID-19 Fact-Checking: Development and Usability Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an “infodemic,” characterized by the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation, significantly undermining public health efforts [1]. Misinformation refers to the unintentional spread of incorrect or misleading information [2], while disinformation involves deliberately disseminating false information to deceive [3].

Hai Li, Jingyi Huang, Mengmeng Ji, Yuyi Yang, Ruopeng An

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66098


Understanding Interventions to Address Infodemics Through Epidemiological, Socioecological, and Environmental Health Models: Framework Analysis

Understanding Interventions to Address Infodemics Through Epidemiological, Socioecological, and Environmental Health Models: Framework Analysis

As of April 2022, 24% of COVID-19 mortality, or 234,000 deaths, was vaccine-preventable [2], and misinformation and disinformation cost the United States between US $50,000,000 and US $300,000,000 each day during the pandemic in health care spending and economic losses [3]. These impacts demonstrated the necessity of addressing misinformation as part of public health responses [4].

Jennifer N John, Sara Gorman, David Scales

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e67119


Quantifying Public Engagement With Science and Malinformation on COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-Sectional Study

Quantifying Public Engagement With Science and Malinformation on COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-Sectional Study

Accordingly, findings can be used in misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, as defined in Table 1. Council of Europe definitions [14]. Unlike misinformation and disinformation, malinformation does not depend on false information, but instead leverages plausible and accurate—or at least arguably accurate—information presented either without context or in an incorrect context to lead those encountering it to false or misleading impressions and conclusions.

David Robert Grimes, David H Gorski

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64679


Unraveling the Use of Disinformation Hashtags by Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Networks Analysis

Unraveling the Use of Disinformation Hashtags by Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Networks Analysis

Some of the hashtags have to do with conspiracy theories (#conspiracytheory, #disinformation, and #propaganda), media (#qanonnfoxnews, #propaganda, and #fakenews), and others in a derogatory tone (#covidiot, #plandemic, and #plandemicdocumentary). On the other hand, in the second and fifth communities, the numbers of bots are higher.

Victor Suarez-Lledo, Esther Ortega-Martin, Jesus Carretero-Bravo, Begoña Ramos-Fiol, Javier Alvarez-Galvez

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e50021


Understanding and Combating Misinformation: An Evolutionary Perspective

Understanding and Combating Misinformation: An Evolutionary Perspective

Disinformation is false information deliberately created with the intent to deceive or cause harm. This is the most insidious type, as it is crafted with malicious purposes, such as manipulating public opinion or discrediting individuals or groups. These categories help differentiate the various ways in which information can be manipulated or fabricated. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial for developing tailored strategies to counter each type effectively.

Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Sergio Garbarino

JMIR Infodemiology 2024;4:e65521