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Newly Designed Optical Coherence Tomography Catheter for Optimizing Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Protocol for a Feasibility Study

Newly Designed Optical Coherence Tomography Catheter for Optimizing Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Protocol for a Feasibility Study

Feasibility based on image use will be evaluated as the percentage of images suitable for diagnosis out of the total number of OCT images obtained. A percentage greater than 80% is regarded as feasible.

Marinka Jolinde Remmelink, Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen, Daniel Martijn de Bruin, Jorg R Oddens

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e76644


Impact of AI on Breast Cancer Detection Rates in Mammography by Radiologists of Varying Experience Levels in Singapore: Preliminary Comparative Study

Impact of AI on Breast Cancer Detection Rates in Mammography by Radiologists of Varying Experience Levels in Singapore: Preliminary Comparative Study

Mammograms are a critical tool in breast cancer diagnosis; however, interpreting them is inherently challenging. Expertise is acquired only after lengthy training; however, there is a shortage of seasoned senior radiologists [1] due to workforce aging and rising demand for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. The scarcity of skilled professionals in this field is particularly critical in health care systems that increasingly prioritize health screening and primary prevention.

Serene Si Ning Goh, Hao Du, Loon Ying Tan, Edward Zhen Yu Seah, Wai Keat Lau, Alvin Hong Zhi Ng, Shi Wei Desmond Lim, Han Yang Ong, Samuel Lau, Yi Liang Tan, Mun sze Khaw, Chee Woei Yap, Kei Yiu Douglas Hui, Wei Chuan Tan, Haziz Siti Rozana Binti Abdul, Vanessa Mei Hui Khoo, Shuliang Ge, Felicity Jane Pool, Yun Song Choo, Yi Wang, Pooja Jagmohan, Premilla Pillay Gopinathan, Mikael Hartman, Mengling Feng

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66931


Teledermatology to Support Self-Care in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Teledermatology to Support Self-Care in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Given the rich structural and topological elements associated with symptoms (eg, hives, itch), there is natural interest in the use of imaging technologies coupled with computational tools to improve diagnosis [7]. In one recent teledermatological study involving over 16,000 cases, a deep learning system was deployed on photographic images and demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy [8].

Laura Schuehlein, Martin Peters, Graham Jones

JMIR Dermatol 2025;8:e81830


Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Professionals for Clinical Decision-Making With Trauma-Exposed Populations: Vignette-Based Experimental Study

Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Professionals for Clinical Decision-Making With Trauma-Exposed Populations: Vignette-Based Experimental Study

Trauma-related diagnostic overshadowing for these likelihood ratings was defined as lower ratings for the target diagnosis (ie, OCD or SUD) or higher ratings for a PTSD diagnosis when trauma exposure was present versus absent. Respondents were then asked to select the primary diagnosis they would assign from the list of diagnoses.

Katherine E Wislocki, Sabahat Sami, Gahl Liberzon, Alyson K Zalta

JMIR Ment Health 2025;12:e80801


Differential Diagnosis Assessment in Ambulatory Care With a Digital Health History Device: Pseudorandomized Study

Differential Diagnosis Assessment in Ambulatory Care With a Digital Health History Device: Pseudorandomized Study

Among these devices is “DIANNA” (diagnosis and anamnesis), which has undergone substantial improvements since its initial development. A previous randomized controlled trial provided early insights into the tool’s impact on diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Building on this foundation, DIANNA now includes a body pictogram feature to better select symptomatic areas, making it more intuitive and comprehensive for clinicians [4,5].

Beth Healey, Adrien Schwitzguebel, Herve Spechbach

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e56384


Large Language Models in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review

Large Language Models in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review

In recent years, integrated full-cycle management—covering prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care—has been promoted to improve both survival and quality of life [7,8]. However, this approach requires complex workflows and large-scale data processing, placing heavy demands on medical resources and personnel. Artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), offers a potential solution.

Ruikang Zhong, Siyi Chen, Zexing Li, Tangke Gao, Yisha Su, Wenzheng Zhang, Dianna Liu, Lei Gao, Kaiwen Hu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e74177


Diagnostic and Screening AI Tools in Brazil’s Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review

Diagnostic and Screening AI Tools in Brazil’s Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review

RQ1: Is the tool used for diagnosis or screening? This question helps clarify the primary objective of each intervention. This distinction is essential, as screening focuses on maximizing sensitivity to ensure few actual cases are missed, while diagnosis aims to confirm or rule out a condition in individuals already identified as at risk, requiring a balance between sensitivity and specificity. RQ2: What is the context and location of the tool’s application?

Leticia Medeiros Mancini, Luiz Eduardo Vanderlei Torres, Jorge Artur P de M Coelho, Nichollas Botelho da Fonseca, Pedro Fellipe Dantas Cordeiro, Samara Silva Noronha Cavalcante, Diego Dermeval

JMIR AI 2025;4:e69547


How to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Network Care Using a Human-Centered Design Sprint

How to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Network Care Using a Human-Centered Design Sprint

Regarding quality parameters of oncological care, multicenter care in Dutch pancreatic cancer patients is associated with repeated diagnostic investigations, delayed time-to-diagnosis, and delayed time-to-treatment [15]. These studies illustrate the complexity of pancreatic cancer network care and underline the necessity of close collaboration between the non-expert and expert centers.

Jana S Hopstaken, Mats Koeneman, Robin Hooijer, Concha C van Rijssel, Theo van Voorthuizen, Frank A Oort, Charlotte F J M Blanken, Martijn de Groot, Cees J H M van Laarhoven, Martijn W J Stommel

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e55598


Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method”

Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method”

It would be advisable to include a comparative analysis to evaluate diagnosis accuracy and the prioritization of additional tests between physicians and LLMs. Furthermore, the absence of actual data around patient history and other diagnostic parameters beyond what was reported in billing reports (reported as “ground truth” in the study) is a weakness. This can lead to an incomplete or partial diagnosis being labeled as the final diagnosis, leading to miscalculations about the accuracy of LLMs.

Peter Sarvari, Zaid Al-fagih

JMIRx Med 2025;6:e81235


Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method

Rapidly Benchmarking Large Language Models for Diagnosing Comorbid Patients: Comparative Study Leveraging the LLM-as-a-Judge Method

Given the recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLMs) have been proposed to help with various aspects of clinical work, including diagnosis [7]. GPT-4, an LLM developed by Open AI, has shown promise in medical applications with its ability to pass medical board exams in multiple countries and languages [8-11].

Peter Sarvari, Zaid Al-fagih

JMIRx Med 2025;6:e67661