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An Automated Clinical Laboratory Decision Support System for Test Utilization, Medical Necessity Verification, and Payment Processing

An Automated Clinical Laboratory Decision Support System for Test Utilization, Medical Necessity Verification, and Payment Processing

Laboratory testing plays a key role in clinical decision-making and physician orders for laboratory tests are increasing [1,2]. It is estimated that at least 20% of the 4-5 billion lab orders submitted annually in the United States are inappropriate. Studies have shown that overutilization and underutilization of laboratory tests occur 20.6% and 44.8% of the time, respectively [3].

Safedin Beqaj, Rojeet Shrestha, Tim Hamill

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e46007

The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models:  A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations

The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models: A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations

Questions regarding overreliance on LLMs and other AI tools, as well as the legal and ethical ramifications of decision-making based upon AI input, are crucial. In the era of evidence-based medicine, LLM source material and information traceability will be essential in order to reliably inform patient care decisions. The value of the clinician’s experience in nuancing the LLM’s outputs will also remain critical in delivering personalized patient care.

Dimitri Roustan, François Bastardot

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e59823

Insights From the Development of a Dynamic Consent Platform for the Australians Together Health Initiative (ATHENA) Program: Interview and Survey Study

Insights From the Development of a Dynamic Consent Platform for the Australians Together Health Initiative (ATHENA) Program: Interview and Survey Study

These features mean that participants can be more engaged in the decision-making process and aware of the broader significance of their contribution to the project, thus theoretically fostering greater satisfaction and retention when taking part in clinical trials [4,16,21].

Eddy Xiong, Carissa Bonner, Amanda King, Zoltan Maxwell Bourne, Mark Morgan, Ximena Tolosa, Tony Stanton, Kim Greaves

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e57165

Markerless Motion Capture to Quantify Functional Performance in Neurodegeneration: Systematic Review

Markerless Motion Capture to Quantify Functional Performance in Neurodegeneration: Systematic Review

MMC can provide digitally measured functional performance data that could be used to enhance clinical decision-making and remote monitoring; identify risks such as falls; and better capture the impact of rehabilitative, pharmacological, and surgical interventions.

Julian Jeyasingh-Jacob, Mark Crook-Rumsey, Harshvi Shah, Theresita Joseph, Subati Abulikemu, Sarah Daniels, David J Sharp, Shlomi Haar

JMIR Aging 2024;7:e52582

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Mobile AI-Based Symptom Checker and a Web-Based Self-Referral Tool in Rheumatology: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Mobile AI-Based Symptom Checker and a Web-Based Self-Referral Tool in Rheumatology: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

To address these challenges, a variety of freely available, patient-centered diagnostic decision support systems (DDSSs) have emerged and are increasingly being used by the general public [5] and patients with IRDs [6]. These DDSSs offer disease suggestions and advice for action within a few minutes and without any health care provider contact. Rheport [7] is a web-based rheumatology referral system used in Germany to automatically triage appointments of new patients according to IRD probability [8,9].

Johannes Knitza, Koray Tascilar, Franziska Fuchs, Jacob Mohn, Sebastian Kuhn, Daniela Bohr, Felix Muehlensiepen, Christina Bergmann, Hannah Labinsky, Harriet Morf, Elizabeth Araujo, Matthias Englbrecht, Wolfgang Vorbrüggen, Cay-Benedict von der Decken, Stefan Kleinert, Andreas Ramming, Jörg H W Distler, Peter Bartz-Bazzanella, Nicolas Vuillerme, Georg Schett, Martin Welcker, Axel Hueber

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e55542

Patient Partnership Tools to Support Medication Safety in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Stepped Wedge Clinical Trial

Patient Partnership Tools to Support Medication Safety in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Stepped Wedge Clinical Trial

Process redesign will be facilitated by two partnership tools: (1) a 1-page visit preparation guide given to relevant patients by clinic staff before seeing the provider, with the intention to improve communication and shared decision-making, and (2) a library of short educational videos that clinic staff encourage patients to watch on medication safety.

Yan Xiao, Kimberley G Fulda, Richard A Young, Z Noah Hendrix, Kathryn M Daniel, Kay Yut Chen, Yuan Zhou, Jennifer L Roye, Ludmila Kosmari, Joshua Wilson, Anna M Espinoza, Kathleen M Sutcliffe, Samantha I Pitts, Alicia I Arbaje, Michelle A Chui, Somer Blair, Dawn Sloan, Masheika Jackson, Ayse P Gurses

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57878

Influence of Disease-Related Stigma on Patients’ Decisions to Upload Medical Reports to the German Electronic Health Record: Randomized Controlled Trial

Influence of Disease-Related Stigma on Patients’ Decisions to Upload Medical Reports to the German Electronic Health Record: Randomized Controlled Trial

To investigate the potential association between the decision to upload the medical report and the independent variables disease-specific stigma and time course, we first performed a logistic regression (Hosmer-Lemeshow R2=0.319, Nagelkerke R2=0.590, Cox-Snell R2=0.537; χ215=86.973; P To examine the association between the decision to upload and the independent variables stigma potential and time course, we performed a logistic regression controlling for the covariate intention to use (Hosmer-Lemeshow R2=0.289

Niklas von Kalckreuth, Markus A Feufel

JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e52625

The Digital Therapeutics Real-World Evidence Framework: An Approach for Guiding Evidence-Based Digital Therapeutics Design, Development, Testing, and Monitoring

The Digital Therapeutics Real-World Evidence Framework: An Approach for Guiding Evidence-Based Digital Therapeutics Design, Development, Testing, and Monitoring

While myriad frameworks exist for DTx development, to date, no single unifying framework guides DTx evidence production and regulatory decision-making [7-11]. By evidence production, we mean the use of scientific methods and processes to produce meaningful data about interventions, such as DTx, both qualitative and quantitative.

Meelim Kim, Kevin Patrick, Camille Nebeker, Job Godino, Spencer Stein, Predrag Klasnja, Olga Perski, Clare Viglione, Aaron Coleman, Eric Hekler

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e49208

Applications of Clinical Decision Support Systems in Diabetes Care: Scoping Review

Applications of Clinical Decision Support Systems in Diabetes Care: Scoping Review

According to their decision-making mechanisms, CDSSs are commonly classified into knowledge- or non-knowledge-based systems. The decision-making mechanism of knowledge-based CDSSs is based on explicit, predetermined knowledge rules or guidelines [13], whereas non-knowledge-based CDSSs use artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) algorithms to transform large-scale health care data into meaningful information for users to make decisions [12,14].

Shan Huang, Yuzhen Liang, Jiarui Li, Xuejun Li

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e51024

Factors Influencing Admission Decisions in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Retrospective Quantitative Study

Factors Influencing Admission Decisions in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Retrospective Quantitative Study

Our work is the first large-scale quantitative analysis of referrals to SNFs and associated offer or denial decisions and represents a first step toward providing sequential decision support to personnel managing SNF admissions.

Caroline Strickland, Nancy Chi, Laura Ditz, Luisa Gomez, Brittin Wagner, Stanley Wang, Daniel J Lizotte

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e43518