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Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study

Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study

First, an umbrella review was conducted to build on previous work, and second, experts were invited to reach consensus on the relevant research questions using a modified Delphi method. This 2-stage approach was used to ensure a balance between the published literature and test its applicability through expert opinion. Details of each stage are described in the following sections.

Alison Potter, Chris Munsch, Elaine Watson, Emily Hopkins, Sofia Kitromili, Iain Cameron O'Neill, Judy Larbie, Essi Niittymaki, Catriona Ramsay, Joshua Burke, Neil Ralph

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66157

Core Outcome Set Development for Tension-Type Headache Treatment Using Traditional Chinese Medicine: Protocol for a Delphi Consensus Study

Core Outcome Set Development for Tension-Type Headache Treatment Using Traditional Chinese Medicine: Protocol for a Delphi Consensus Study

Qualified health care experts from these 15 hospitals will be recruited to participate in the Delphi survey. Patients will be recruited from the Encephalopathy Department of Xiyuan Hospital. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the health care experts and patients are listed in Table 2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for health professionals and patients in the Delphi survey. More than 1 year of work experience. Bachelor’s degree or above. Experience working in tertiary hospitals.

Guojing Fu, Yunmeng Chen, Xiao Liang, Chunli Guo, Xueming Fan, Xiao Gong, Wenjie Chen, Jing Teng, Jun Tang, Xing Liao, Jingjing Wei, Yunling Zhang

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e63481

Evaluation of the Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Impact of 3 Digital Surveillance Tools Deployed in Malawi During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study

Evaluation of the Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Impact of 3 Digital Surveillance Tools Deployed in Malawi During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study

For this study, the steering committee are the experts who will assist in the design and development of questions and statements for the Delphi rounds. As this is a niche area with limited research, we did not conduct a formal literature search commonly seen in the Delphi process. Instead, the first step to preparing our Delphi study was to identify key terms relating to digital surveillance tools for COVID-19 pandemic.

Alanna Denny, Isaach Ndemera, Kingston Chirwa, Joseph Tsung Shu Wu, Griphin Baxter Chirambo, Simeon Yosefe, Ben Chilima, Matthew Kagoli, Hsin-yi Lee, Kwong Leung Joseph Yu, John O'Donoghue

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e58389

Quality Indicators for Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care for Youth With Chronic Conditions: Proposal for an Online Modified Delphi Study

Quality Indicators for Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care for Youth With Chronic Conditions: Proposal for an Online Modified Delphi Study

Following the establishment of an integrated knowledge translation panel, we aim to use an iterative online-modified Delphi study design to (1) compare and contrast the perspectives of youth, caregivers, health care providers, and health system leaders or decision makers on quality indicators for transition; and (2) prioritize a key set of quality indicators for transition applicable across disease populations and care settings in the Canadian context.

Alene Toulany, Dmitry Khodyakov, Sarah Mooney, Lisa Stromquist, Katherine Bailey, Claire EH Barber, Michelle Batthish, Kristin Cleverley, Gina Dimitropoulos, Jan Willem Gorter, Danijela Grahovac, Ruth Grimes, Beverly Guttman, Michèle L Hébert, Tomisin John, Lisha Lo, Dorothy Luong, Laura MacGregor, Geetha Mukerji, Jacklynn Pidduck, Vjura Senthilnathan, Rayzel Shulman, Patricia Trbovich, Sarah EP Munce

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e60860

Clinician-Prioritized Measures to Use in a Remote Concussion Assessment: Delphi Study

Clinician-Prioritized Measures to Use in a Remote Concussion Assessment: Delphi Study

Further, 1 approach to finding consensus on possible clinical measures is to use the Delphi method which typically involves at least 2 rounds of survey administration to expert clinicians. Commonly, exploratory questions are asked in the first round followed by more targeted, specific questions in a subsequent round. The Delphi method is a useful approach for obtaining anonymous opinions from several participants across disciplines and wide-spread locations [7].

Keely Barnes, Heidi Sveistrup, Mark Bayley, Mary Egan, Martin Bilodeau, Michel Rathbone, Monica Taljaard, Shawn Marshall

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e47246

Human-AI Teaming in Critical Care: A Comparative Analysis of Data Scientists’ and Clinicians’ Perspectives on AI Augmentation and Automation

Human-AI Teaming in Critical Care: A Comparative Analysis of Data Scientists’ and Clinicians’ Perspectives on AI Augmentation and Automation

To assess data science experts’ agreement on the levels of human-AI teaming and technological feasibility to augment or automate each of the 6 core tasks, we conducted an international Delphi survey [25,26]. The Delphi survey is an iterative process method aiming to forecast future (technological) developments and attain consensus among a group of experts regarding questions where there are no clear right or wrong answers and where there is limited or contradictory information.

Nadine Bienefeld, Emanuela Keller, Gudela Grote

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e50130

Defining and Risk-Stratifying Immunosuppression (the DESTINIES Study): Protocol for an Electronic Delphi Study

Defining and Risk-Stratifying Immunosuppression (the DESTINIES Study): Protocol for an Electronic Delphi Study

The >75% consensus level is not arbitrary but is based on the systematic review of Delphi consensus definitions by Diamond and colleagues [14]; here, across a random sample of 100 successful Delphi investigations, 75% was the median threshold to establish consensus. The Delphi technique aims to build consensus on prespecified topics by soliciting the opinions, testimonies, or judgments of experts (Delphi panelists) with successive, anonymized questionnaires [13].

Meredith Leston, José Ordóñez-Mena, Mark Joy, Simon de Lusignan, Richard Hobbs, Iain McInnes, Lennard Lee

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e56271

Potential of Large Language Models in Health Care: Delphi Study

Potential of Large Language Models in Health Care: Delphi Study

First, a modified Delphi method [22] was used to aggregate opinions on the potential and limitations of LLMs in health care. Second, to increase the practical relevance of the analysis, the results were aggregated into the SWOT of LLMs. The Delphi method is widely used to evaluate consensus, or lack thereof, among participants [23].

Kerstin Denecke, Richard May, LLMHealthGroup, Octavio Rivera Romero

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e52399

Psychometric Properties of a Machine Learning–Based Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on Medication Adherence: Single-Center, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study

Psychometric Properties of a Machine Learning–Based Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on Medication Adherence: Single-Center, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study

The consensus in the choice of the item wording of the questionnaire was compiled following the discussions using the Delphi process during May 2020 to confront and converge the thoughts and opinions of the expert panel, with the objective of coming to a group consensus [19,20]. Experts were identified by their long-standing activity in medication adherence management.

Virginie Korb-Savoldelli, Yohann Tran, Germain Perrin, Justine Touchard, Jean Pastre, Adrien Borowik, Corine Schwartz, Aymeric Chastel, Eric Thervet, Michel Azizi, Laurence Amar, Benjamin Kably, Armelle Arnoux, Brigitte Sabatier

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e42384