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Advancing Brain-Computer Interface Closed-Loop Systems for Neurorehabilitation: Systematic Review of AI and Machine Learning Innovations in Biomedical Engineering

Advancing Brain-Computer Interface Closed-Loop Systems for Neurorehabilitation: Systematic Review of AI and Machine Learning Innovations in Biomedical Engineering

AD/ADRD: Alzheimer disease/Alzheimer disease and related dementias; AI: artificial intelligence; BCI: brain-computer interface; ML: machine learning; Our research approach centered on a comprehensive evaluation of the literature exploring the integration of AI—particularly its subset, ML—within BCI closed-loop systems in health care. The goal was to synthesize current knowledge on the methodologies, algorithms, outcomes, limitations, and emerging directions that define this interdisciplinary field.

Christopher Williams, Fahim Islam Anik, Md Mehedi Hasan, Juan Rodriguez-Cardenas, Anushka Chowdhury, Shirley Tian, Selena He, Nazmus Sakib

JMIR Biomed Eng 2025;10:e72218


AI in Health Care Service Quality: Systematic Review

AI in Health Care Service Quality: Systematic Review

Therefore, unbiased data are necessary for training AI systems; addressing these concerns can ensure a more informed and prepared approach to integrating AI in health care [7]. Second, AI can pose a security risk if not designed and implemented securely. Malicious actors can exploit AI systems, leading to unauthorized data access or other harmful consequences.

Eman Alghareeb, Najla Aljehani

JMIR AI 2025;4:e69209


Examining Transparency in Kidney Transplant Recipient Selection Criteria: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Examining Transparency in Kidney Transplant Recipient Selection Criteria: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Therefore, using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically training a large language model (LLM), has emerged as a valuable tool to automate this analysis, making it comprehensive, scalable, and efficient. In this study, we aimed to use natural language processing (NLP) and an LLM to quantify the available online patient-level information regarding guideline-recommended KTR selection criteria reported by US kidney transplant centers.

Belen Rivera, Stalin Canizares, Gabriel Cojuc-Konigsberg, Olena Holub, Alex Nakonechnyi, Ritah R Chumdermpadetsuk, Keren Ladin, Devin E Eckhoff, Rebecca Allen, Aditya Pawar

JMIR AI 2025;4:e74066


“It’s Not Only Attention We Need”: Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health Care

“It’s Not Only Attention We Need”: Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health Care

In response, researchers have explored countermeasures, such as techniques to flag potential hallucinations [41] or explainable AI (XAI) methods [39,42-44] to portray a realistic picture of what AI can and cannot do. Additionally, beyond technical solutions, fostering AI literacy among users is equally important. A higher level of AI literacy enhances comprehension of LLM behavior and promotes more effective human-AI collaboration [45,46].

Andreas Bucher, Sarah Egger, Inna Vashkite, Wenyuan Wu, Gerhard Schwabe

JMIR Ment Health 2025;12:e78410


The Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Gamified Intervention for Improving Maternal Health Outcomes Among Refugees and Underserved Women in Lebanon: Community Interventional Trial

The Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Gamified Intervention for Improving Maternal Health Outcomes Among Refugees and Underserved Women in Lebanon: Community Interventional Trial

As m Health continues to advance, artificial intelligence (AI) innovations are being increasingly integrated into the health care sector to enhance the quality of care and address various health areas [53,54]. AI has been used in diagnostic support, as well as to enhance access to virtual health services in remote areas and address knowledge and skill gaps [55].

Shadi Saleh, Nour El Arnaout, Nadine Sabra, Asmaa El Dakdouki, Zahraa Chamseddine, Randa Hamadeh, Abed Shanaa, Mohamad Alameddine

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e65599


Effectiveness of Communication Competence in AI Conversational Agents for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effectiveness of Communication Competence in AI Conversational Agents for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Therefore, the following research question (RQ) is proposed: RQ1: How is communication competence operationalized in artificial intelligence (AI) CAs for health? When examining the impacts of CAs within the health care context, user experience, psychological outcomes, and health outcomes are primary evaluation dimensions [5,6,10].

Jiaqi Qin, Yuanfeixue Nan, Zichao Li, Jingbo Meng

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e76296


Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Experience of a Large Language Model–Based Digital Tool for Home-Based Blood Pressure Management: Mixed Methods Study

Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Experience of a Large Language Model–Based Digital Tool for Home-Based Blood Pressure Management: Mixed Methods Study

To address these health issues, there is a growing interest in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health technologies (eg, mobile apps and smartwatches) to facilitate home-based hypertension management. Such technologies offer long-term blood pressure monitoring, send reminders for the medication intake, provide educational content to support lifestyle changes, and provide personalized health advice.

Alan Jelic, Igor Sesto, Luka Rotkvic, Luka Pavlovic, Nikola Erceg, Nina Sesto, Zeljko Kraljevic, Joshua Au Yeung, Amos Folarin, Richard Dobson, Petroula Laiou

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2025;13:e68361


Digital Health Technology Compliance With Clinical Safety Standards In the National Health Service in England: National Cross-Sectional Study

Digital Health Technology Compliance With Clinical Safety Standards In the National Health Service in England: National Cross-Sectional Study

This will likely become an even greater concern with the rise of “black box” products, such as those incorporating artificial intelligence (AI). Latent failures are flaws that remain dormant until specific conditions trigger them, potentially leading to catastrophic harm that can scale exponentially [29].

Youssof Oskrochi, Elliott Roy-Highley, Keith Grimes, Sam Shah

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e80076


Multimodal Multitask Learning for Predicting Depression Severity and Suicide Risk Using Pretrained Audio and Text Embeddings: Methodology Development and Application

Multimodal Multitask Learning for Predicting Depression Severity and Suicide Risk Using Pretrained Audio and Text Embeddings: Methodology Development and Application

Each method has distinct advantages, rendering them especially suitable for our research objectives, as elaborated upon in the following sections. wav2vec 2.0: It is developed by Facebook AI Research, uses a multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN) for audio encoding, and is supplemented by latent representation masking and contextualization through a Transformer network trained with contrastive learning methods [49].

Ya-Han Hu, Ruei-Yan Wu, Min-Yi Su, I-Li Lin, Cheng-Che Shen

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e66907