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Politi et al [23] identified two factors: general dysphoria and social dysfunction. Martin [24] proposed three factors: self-esteem, stress, and successful coping. When compared to other methods and applied to different samples, the three-factor model proposed by Gribbin and Worsley [21], including anxiety and depression (4 items), social dysfunction (6 items), and loss of confidence (2 items), was found to give the best fit [25,26]. Therefore, we used this model in this study.
JMIR Form Res 2020;4(10):e19876
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