JMIR Formative Research

Youth experiencing homelessness face heightened vulnerability to HIV infection and substance use due to complex structural, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Despite increased mobile phone access among youth experiencing homelessness, few mobile health interventions have been tailored to their unique needs, and even fewer have applied behavioral theory to inform message development.

Difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments is a primary challenge of hearing impairment, inadequately addressed by hearing aids alone. While auditory training can enhance selective attention and speech perception, current digital programs face poor user adherence and lack realistic 3D spatial audio.

US Latine and Hispanic communities face a 1.5 times greater risk of developing Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) with limited access to culturally and linguistically congruent primary prevention education. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the digital divide, highlighting a need to focus on alternative digital methods for delivering brain health and ADRD primary prevention education. Social media emerged as a promising tool.

Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use continue to pose substantial public health challenges in China. Although public service announcements (PSAs) are widely used for prevention, little is known about how these messages are constructed or the extent to which they draw on established health communication theories.

Patients and their families without medical knowledge may find professional health care information difficult to understand. The use of large language models (LLMs) to simplify and translate complex medical content holds promise for improving comprehension while reducing the burden on health care providers tasked with delivering explanations.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is strongly influenced by persistent misconceptions that delay help-seeking and limit engagement with effective care. Patient-centered digital strategies, including generative artificial intelligence (AI) microlearning, may improve sexual-health knowledge; however, real-world evidence in urological practice remains sparse.

Due to demographic changes, the number of older people is increasing, often accompanied by limitations in mobility, nutrition, and independence. Preventive monitoring is rare, as care systems struggle with staff shortages and limited resources. Technical assistance systems can support older people in self-assessing their health and maintaining independence. We developed the AS-Tra system, which combines an application with a measurement and training station (MuTS), to enable early detection of nutrition and mobility-related deficits and risks.

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Accurate transcription of pathology gross examination dictation is important for clinical documentation, but multilingual dictation remains challenging in settings where clinicians mix Chinese and English while final pathology reports are written in English.

“Keep On Keep Up” (KOKU) is a tablet-based digital program based on the well-validated Otago and Fitness and Mobility Exercise programs for older adults to decrease the risk of falling.

Older adults facing social or structural marginalization for reasons such as lower literacy, digital exclusion, financial constraints, restricted living environments, or complex health histories, face persistent barriers to much-needed health screening. Digital health tools, particularly those using audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) technology, offer potential to overcome these barriers (audio-delivered and self-administrable), but their application to marginalized populations remains underexplored. Moreover, guidance is limited for developing such tools which require collaboration within cross-disciplinary teams. This paper presents development insights and user testing findings from the ASCAPE (Audio App-Delivered Screening for Cognition and Age-Related Health in Prisoners) project, which aimed to develop equitable digital frailty and cognition screening for older people in Australian prisons.

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding and delayed access to care are ongoing challenges in Singapore. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the need for scalable virtual care models that go beyond traditional hospital settings, allowing patients to access acute specialist care quickly and efficiently.