JMIR Formative Research

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are commonly stored in PDF, particularly as vector-based files generated by ECG management systems. Previous studies have demonstrated that ECG signals can be extracted through PDF-to-Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) conversion, highlighting the potential to reconstruct waveform signals from vector graphics. These reconstructed signals further enable the derivation and prediction of clinically relevant ECG parameters.

Veterans face stigma, privacy concerns, and access barriers to HIV screening. For studies that use at-home HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits distributed through vending machines (VMs), recruitment and educational materials must communicate study purpose and participation options clearly, minimize confusion and stigma, and provide actionable next steps for participants who test outside of clinical settings.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a leading cause of hospitalizations, amputations, and health care costs among individuals with diabetes, often due to delayed detection and treatment. Early identification of skin changes is critical for preventing ulcer progression, yet daily visual foot self-inspections are often limited by impaired mobility, visual deficits, and poor compliance. Although some foot-focused remote patient monitoring technologies are in use, most of these approaches do not provide standardized, full-color visual documentation, which can affect clinicians’ ability to interpret findings using familiar visual cues.

Higher levels of human flourishing were moderately associated with helping strangers and volunteering time but showed little association with financial donations.

Snacks contribute 19% to 34% of daily energy intake, yet studying snacking behaviors faces challenges due to self-report biases. The SnackBox, an automated dietary assessment tool, enables structured measurement of snacking in seminaturalistic settings.

Web-based interventions present an opportunity for addressing reproductive health outcomes among young Francophone West Africans, but little is known about how social media use impacts such interventions.

We describe the adoption of AI software among commercially insured adults from 2018 to 2023 and find rapid growth but variable use across patients, plans, and regional characteristics, highlighting the need for research and policy to support equitable and beneficial adoption.

The global adoption of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education has introduced complex implementation challenges, the severity of which often depends on the resources available within specific educational contexts. Evidence remains limited in public medical schools in under-resourced, non-Anglophone countries, which serve a socioeconomically and educationally diverse student population. In such settings, the direct transfer of existing EMI integration models presents significant practical challenges.

Conversational voice AI assistants can automate postoperative follow-up calls in high-volume, low-complexity pathways such as cataract surgery but may widen health inequalities if language access and inclusive design are not built in. This patient and public involvement focus group was conducted to inform the Turkish-language adaptation of Dora ahead of a forthcoming multilingual clinical trial at Moorfields Eye Hospital.

Dietary counseling is an essential complement to the growing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) to achieve sustainable weight loss. Diverse patient needs, the demand for ongoing support, and limited resources underscore the potential of using digital support tools.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 6.3% of Chinese children, but only 10% are diagnosed, as diagnosis is hindered by low awareness and lack of culturally adapted, objective tools. Existing continuous performance tests are unimodal and lack validity.

Intravenous drug incompatibility is a significant medication safety hazard, particularly in complex multidrug regimens. Traditional text-based, pairwise query methods are inefficient and impose a substantial cognitive load on clinicians. While network visualization has the potential to address these challenges, its application in drug compatibility queries remains underexplored.