JMIR Formative Research

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease with a global prevalence of approximately 1% to 2%, characterized by depigmented macules. Little is known about the public interest and medical needs of patients with vitiligo in Germany. However, understanding this is critical for a patient-centered holistic therapeutic management of the disease.

Mental health disorders are a growing public health concern among university students globally and in India, exacerbated by stigma and limited access to care. Mobile health (mHealth) apps offer a potential solution, but user engagement and cultural relevance remain key challenges. This pilot study evaluated Here for You, a mental health screening app co-designed with Indian university students to provide accessible, nonstigmatizing support.

Anemia is a widespread global health issue. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement remains the most common method for anemia screening and diagnosis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of noninvasive point-of-care technologies that eliminate the need for blood sampling.

Individuals with tic disorders (TDs) have access to a small but growing number of digital tools (such as apps and websites) for tic management and support. While prior work has shown promise for these tools, they have traditionally been designed by researchers first and evaluated by members of the TD community after tool development is complete. A human-centered design process targeting this domain has the potential to reveal new insights relevant to the development of future tools. We seek to establish a preliminary understanding of how the TD community uses and perceives current resources for tic management and support as well as their overall concerns and needs in this area.

Autonomous motivation, grounded in self-determination theory, is important for sustaining diabetes self-care behaviors. Although mobile health interventions, gamification, and peer support are increasingly used to enhance motivation in diabetes care, evidence on how motivation evolves over time remains limited. Specifically, it is unclear whether motivational change follows a linear pattern or a nonlinear trajectory, such as an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline. Clarifying these temporal patterns is critical for informing the design of adaptive diabetes self-care interventions.

Investigation of community awareness of HIV functional cure has often been restricted to people living with HIV. An understanding of the attitudes of men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV is important, as it contributes to the supportiveness of curative treatment in the community.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high global prevalence, increasing from 200 million people in 1990 to 830 million in 2022, with a higher burden in low- and middle-income regions and high mortality in Mexico and Veracruz. These inequalities limit access to treatment and nutritional education, requiring technological solutions such as interactive kiosks based on artificial intelligence (AI) that contribute to the nutritional management of people with diabetes in marginalized communities.

Methamphetamine use disorder is a growing public health crisis with limited access to effective treatment. Contingency management (CM) has demonstrated efficacy for stimulant use disorders, but is typically delivered in person. Smartphone-based CM may overcome barriers such as limited access, but its effectiveness and real-world application remain understudied. This study explores patient and clinician experiences with a fully remote, smartphone-based CM intervention for methamphetamine use.

Multiple-choice examinations (MCQs) are widely used in medical education to ensure standardized and objective assessment. Developing high-quality items requires both subject expertise and methodological rigor. Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for automated item generation. However, most evaluations rely on general-purpose prompting, and psychometric comparisons with faculty-written items remain scarce.

Sensor-based footwear is increasingly discussed as a promising tool for mobility monitoring and fall-risk assessment, yet its applicability in long-term care remains largely unexamined. In particular, little is known about whether such systems and the study procedures needed to evaluate them can be feasibly integrated into dementia care settings. This feasibility study provides practice-based evidence of using a sensor-equipped insole system with cognitively impaired residents.

The Michigan Oncology Quality Consortium developed a rapid patient-reported outcome measure (RapidPRO) focused on oral anticancer agents (OAAs). We piloted this measure in 6 oncology practices to determine its usefulness in representing the symptom experience and medication adherence among individuals taking OAAs. It is common in oncology for cancer-specific approaches to be used. We sought to use 1 instrument for all OAAs as a means to simplify future implementation in practice.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) is a complex but essential treatment for malignant and nonmalignant conditions, requiring strict posttransplant adherence to immunosuppressant medications to prevent complications such as graft-versus-host disease. Adolescents and young adults undergoing HCT face unique challenges, including balancing growing independence with ongoing reliance on care partners, often parents. Medication adherence in this group is often suboptimal, and few interventions address adolescent and young adult–care partner dyads. To address this gap, we aim to develop a mobile health (mHealth) app that engages both the patients and care partner to improve adherence.