JMIR Formative Research

Findings from a pilot randomized trial of 916 households indicated the outreach text messages were not an effective strategy to improve participation in United States Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) among eligible households in Arizona.

Early mobilization seems to benefit patients with acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF), but its initiation is challenging due to severe dyspnea, clinical instability, and low adherence to treatment. Understanding whether the early mobilization has good acceptance, adherence, and safety is a key point of rehabilitation in this population. Virtual reality (VR) offers a less stressful environment and may reduce dyspnea, yet its effects in ADHF remain unknown. In addition, the feasibility and safety of combining VR with an early mobilization program in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are not fully established.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a powerful tool to prevent the transmission of HIV. Interventions promoting PrEP must focus on populations most impacted by systemic barriers to uptake. Historically, young sexual minority men (YSMM) and transgender women have the highest demonstrated rates of new HIV diagnoses, but prevalence within other gender minority populations is now being studied. Few interventions have focused on addressing PrEP uptake with sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY), particularly through mobile health (mHealth) technologies. Built on the successful foundation of the HealthMpowerment (HMP) Platform, PrEPresent aimed to engage SGMY across diverse gender and racial and ethnic identities in the Greater Los Angeles area.

Approximately half of US veterans receive care outside of US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration facilities—a proportion expected to rise due to the Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act and expanded use of VA-purchased community care.

Experiences of unfair treatment on college campuses are linked to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, highlighting the need for interventions. However, detecting such experiences relies mainly on self-reports. No prior research has examined the feasibility of using mobile sensing via smartphones and wearables for the passive detection of these experiences.

Safe patient handling is critical for reducing musculoskeletal injuries among health care workers; yet, community health care workers often face barriers such as limited access to training and real-time resources.

Discharge instructions are essential for patients after hospital care but are time-consuming to write. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is a strong potential to automate this process. This study explores the use of open-source LLMs for generating discharge instructions.

Co-design is a collaborative approach involving end users, stakeholders, and designers in creating digital tools for healthcare. This study focuses on the co-design and evaluation of Behavior Emotion Therapy System and You (BETSY), a mental health chatbot and digital human for mild to moderate anxiety.

Artificial intelligence holds the potential to enhance the efficiency of clinical research. Yet, like all innovations, its impact is dependent upon target user uptake and adoption. As efforts to leverage artificial intelligence for clinical trial screening become more widespread, it is imperative that implementation science principles be incorporated in both the design and roll-out of user-facing tools. We present and discuss implementation themes considered to be highly relevant by target users of artificial intelligence-enabled clinical trial screening platforms. Identified themes range from design features that optimize usability to collaboration with tool designers to improve transparency and trust. These themes generally mapped to domains of existing implementation science frameworks such as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Designers should consider incorporating an implementation science framework early in the development process to not only ensure a user-centered design but to inform how tools are integrated into existing clinical research workflows.

Early-onset alcohol use (EOAU), or drinking before age 14, is a serious but highly preventable risk factor for later alcohol use. EOAU often begins at home, with sips of alcohol provided by parents. Few scalable interventions are available to engage parents in EOAU prevention.

Noncommunicable diseases, particularly hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, are on the rise among older adults in Singapore, emphasizing the need for effective screening, monitoring, and educational interventions. The traditional healthcare model, relying on in-person visits to review patients, poses risks of underreported cases and missed opportunities for early interventions to manage complications. Community-based telemonitoring programs present promising opportunities to extend telehealth services to underserved populations, thereby mitigating the digital divide and addressing health inequalities.

Laterality errors in radiology reports can endanger patient safety. Effective methods for screening for laterality errors in combined radiographic reports, which combine multiple studies into one, remain unexplored.