JMIR Formative Research

Alzheimer disease and age-related cognitive decline reduce memory engagement and limit caregiver insight, creating a need for accessible tools that support everyday cognitive activity in older adults. Although AI holds promise for personalized cognitive support, few AI-based apps have been developed and evaluated for memory engagement in this population, and fewer incorporate on-device emotional analysis with privacy-preserving design.

Targeting automatic approach tendencies toward alcohol-related stimuli has been shown to significantly reduce relapse rates in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) when used as an add-on to inpatient treatment. Traditional approach-avoidance task (AAT) training requires a clinical setting and a stationary device.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 850 million individuals worldwide and requires sustained patient education, shared decision-making, and self-management support. Digital health platforms may facilitate these needs; however, many lack comprehensive, user-centered design and fail to address practical and psychosocial patient concerns.

AI technologies refer to computer-based systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence and have been increasingly used in obstetrics and gynecology (O&G).

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of timely infectious disease surveillance. In Japan, conventional sentinel and claims-based systems incur reporting lags and capture limited clinical detail, whereas free-text clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs) hold richer, timelier symptom and vaccination information. Natural language processing (NLP) with large language models (LLMs) offers a way to structure such free text at scale.

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate differential diagnoses from clinical narratives. However, LLM-based diagnostic clinical decision support systems still lack a quantitative measure of how strongly a diagnosis is supported by the available case description. Conditional perplexity score quantifies how predictable a target text is given in a preceding context, with lower scores indicating greater predictability. We hypothesized that this concept can be adapted to diagnostic reasoning by treating the prediagnostic case description as the context and a diagnosis as the target text.

Long-term remote patient monitoring of weight, pulse, and blood pressure has been shown to significantly reduce mortality and hospitalization rates among patients with heart failure. Despite its proven effectiveness, maintaining patient engagement in remote monitoring programs remains challenging.

The integration of AI into intraoperative surgical imaging represents an emerging frontier in digital health. Despite advances in preoperative computed tomography (CT)–based surgical planning, real-time translation of imaging data into actionable intraoperative guidance remains limited by CT-to-body divergence—a fundamental information gap between preoperative digital models and the dynamic surgical field. This divergence, driven by lung deflation under anesthesia and positional changes, represents a critical digital-to-physical registration challenge that current preoperative imaging workflows fail to address in real time.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are widely implemented in hospitals, yet their uptake in nursing practice remains inconsistent. While electronic health records continuously capture nursing decision data, these data are rarely used to support structured quality improvement. Decision mining offers a novel approach by reconstructing and visualizing decision logic from clinical decision logs to support retrospective reflection and protocol evaluation rather than real-time alerting. Before such tools can be integrated into quality improvement programs, their acceptance by clinical users must be empirically examined.

As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into psychological practice, the demand for competencies in digital clinical psychology is growing. Although competency frameworks for digital clinical practice exist, validated instruments to assess these competencies remain scarce. In Sweden, psychology master’s students are now being offered digital psychology courses, increasing the need for instruments to measure intended improvements in knowledge and abilities. Using AI to assist with translation procedures can facilitate the adaptation of existing instruments to new national and cultural contexts.

Digital technologies in emergency medical services (EMS) have become crucial for patient outcomes and survival, and the integration of novel technologies drives rapid transformation within EMS. Understanding the acceptance and use of digital technology among EMS health care providers is paramount for implementation and effective use of novel digital tools. Currently, instruments assessing acceptance of technology are lacking within the Swedish EMS context.

Gamification, defined as the application of game design principles in nongame contexts, has garnered increasing attention for its potential to enhance motivation and engagement across various fields, including medical education and training. However, there is a lack of virtual reality (VR)–based simulations on pneumatic reduction of intussusception (PRI) in children in Brunei, thereby limiting practical training opportunities for medical students and surgical trainees.