TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gram, Inger Torhild
AU  - Skeie, Guri
AU  - Oyeyemi, Sunday Oluwafemi
AU  - Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen
AU  - Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter
AU  - Løchen, Maja-Lisa
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/2/25
TI  - A Smartphone-Based Information Communication Technology Solution for Primary Modifiable Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases: Pilot and Feasibility Study in Norway
JO  - JMIR Form Res
SP  - e33636
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
KW  - eHealth
KW  - feasibility study
KW  - modifiable risk factor
KW  - noncommunicable disease
KW  - pilot study
KW  - smartphone-based information communication technology solution
KW  - short text message service
KW  - feasibility
KW  - risk
KW  - factor
KW  - information communication technology
KW  - smartphone
KW  - development
KW  - monitoring
AB  - Background: Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are the 4 main noncommunicable diseases. These noncommunicable diseases share 4 modifiable risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet). Short smartphone surveys have the potential to identify modifiable risk factors for individuals to monitor trends. Objective: We aimed to pilot a smartphone-based information communication technology solution to collect nationally representative data, annually, on 4 modifiable risk factors. Methods: We developed an information communication technology solution with functionalities for capturing sensitive data from smartphones, receiving, and handling data in accordance with general data protection regulations. The main survey comprised 26 questions: 8 on socioeconomic factors, 17 on the 4 risk factors, and 1 about current or previous noncommunicable diseases. For answers to the continuous questions, a keyboard was displayed for entering numbers; there were preset upper and lower limits for acceptable response values. For categorical questions, pull-down menus with response options were displayed. The second survey comprised 9 yes-or-no questions. For both surveys, we used SMS text messaging. For the main survey, we invited 11,000 individuals, aged 16 to 69 years, selected randomly from the Norwegian National Population Registry (1000 from each of the 11 counties). For the second survey, we invited a random sample of 100 individuals from each county who had not responded to the main survey. All data, except county of residence, were self-reported. We calculated the distribution for socioeconomic background, tobacco use, diet, physical activity, and health condition factors overall and by sex. Results: The response rate was 21.9% (2303/11,000; women: 1397/2263; 61.7%, men: 866/2263, 38.3%; missing: 40/2303, 1.7%). The median age for men was 52 years (IQR 40-61); the median age for women was 48 years (IQR 35-58). The main reported reason for nonparticipation in the main survey was that the sender of the initial SMS was unknown. Conclusions: We successfully developed and piloted a smartphone-based information communication technology solution for collecting data on the 4 modifiable risk factors for the 4 main noncommunicable diseases. Approximately 1 in 5 invitees responded; thus, these data may not be nationally representative. The smartphone-based information communication technology solution should be further developed with the long-term goal to reduce premature mortality from the 4 main noncommunicable diseases. 
SN  - 2561-326X
UR  - https://formative.jmir.org/2022/2/e33636
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/33636
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35212636
DO  - 10.2196/33636
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/33636
ER  -