%0 Journal Article
%@ 2561-326X
%I JMIR Publications
%V 6
%N 10
%P e37474
%T Acceptability and Usability of a Reward-Based Mobile App for Opioid Treatment Settings: Mixed Methods Pilot Study
%A Proctor,Steven L
%A Rigg,Khary K
%A Tien,Allen Y
%+ Thriving Mind South Florida, 7205 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 200, Miami, FL, 33126, United States, 1 305 858 3335, sproctor@thrivingmind.org
%K opioids
%K contingency management
%K mHealth
%K digital health
%K mobile app
%K innovation
%K opioid use disorder
%K recovery
%K acceptability
%D 2022
%7 5.10.2022
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Form Res
%G English
%X Background: Contingency management is an evidence-based yet underutilized approach for opioid use disorder (OUD). Reasons for limited adoption in real-world practice include ethical, moral, and philosophical concerns regarding use of monetary incentives, and lack of technological innovation. In light of surging opioid overdose deaths, there is a need for development of technology-enabled solutions leveraging the power of contingency management in a way that is viewed by both patients and providers as acceptable and feasible. Objective: This mixed methods pilot study sought to determine the perceived acceptability and usability of PROCare Recovery, a reward-based, technology-enabled recovery monitoring smartphone app designed to automate contingency management by immediately delivering micropayments to patients for achieving recovery goals via smart debit card with blocking capabilities. Methods: Participants included patients receiving buprenorphine for OUD (n=10) and licensed prescribers (n=5). Qualitative interviews were conducted by 2 PhD-level researchers via video conferencing to explore a priori hypotheses. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted and synthesized into major themes. Results: Participants were overwhelmingly in favor of microrewards (eg, US $1) to incentivize treatment participation (up to US $150 monthly). Participants reported high acceptability of the planned debit card spending restrictions (blocking cash withdrawals and purchases at bars or liquor stores, casinos or online gambling). Quantitative data revealed a high level of perceived usability of the PROCare Recovery app. Conclusions: Patients and providers alike appear receptive to microfinancial incentives in standard OUD treatment practices. Further pilot testing of PROCare is underway to determine acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. 
%M 36197705
%R 10.2196/37474
%U https://formative.jmir.org/2022/10/e37474
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/37474
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36197705