@Article{info:doi/10.2196/49589, author="Ko, Jisook and Wang, Jing and Mbue, Ngozi and Schembre, Susan and Cron, Stanley", title="Effect of the Implementation of a Multiple-Behavior Self-Monitoring Intervention on Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Data Analysis", journal="JMIR Form Res", year="2024", month="Aug", day="20", volume="8", pages="e49589", keywords="electronic diary; technology-assisted self-monitoring; multiple-behavior intervention; type 2 diabetes; diabetes; self-monitoring; monitoring; dietary intake; monitor; carbohydrate intake; calories; education; diabetic; e-diary; e diary; self-care", abstract="Background: An electronic diary embedded in a mobile device to monitor lifestyle can be as effective as traditional methods. However, the efficacy of self-monitoring multiple behaviors for dietary intake has not been well studied in people with diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of using technology-assisted self-monitoring versus paper diaries on changes in dietary intake. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 39 people with type 2 diabetes as part of a 3-month pilot clinical trial. Changes in energy intake and the contribution of total fat intake and total carbohydrate intake to total calories ({\%}) from baseline to after intervention (3 months) were evaluated. Results: In total, 26 (67{\%}) of the 39 participants preferred mobile diaries over paper diaries. Participants in the mobile diary group showed slightly higher self-monitoring adherence. Linear mixed modeling results indicated a significant overall decrease in total energy intake (P=.005), dietary fat intake (P=.01), and carbohydrate intake (P=.08) from baseline to 3 months. No significant group differences were detected (P>.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a 3-month, multiple-behavior, self-monitoring intervention in Diabetes Self-Management Education programs has resulted in successful reduction in dietary intake (energy, fat, and carbohydrate), whichever self-monitoring method is chosen by participants according to their preferences. Long-term studies are needed to confirm our findings on dietary intake and examine other behavioral and disease outcomes that require monitoring. ", issn="2561-326X", doi="10.2196/49589", url="https://formative.jmir.org/2024/1/e49589", url="https://doi.org/10.2196/49589" }